Ultrasound-assisted nanoemulsion of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil and its constituent thymol on toxicity and biochemical aspect of Aedes aegypti was written by Subaharan, Kesavan;Senthamarai Selvan, Periyasamy;Subramanya, Thagare Manjunatha;Senthoorraja, Rajendran;Manjunath, Sowmya;Das, Tania;Pragadheesh, Vppalayam Shanmugam;Bakthavatsalam, Nandagopal;Mohan, Muthu Gounder;Senthil-Nathan, Sengottayan;Uragayala, Sreehari;Samuel, Paulraj Philip;Govindarajan, Renu;Eswaramoorthy, Muthuswamy. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:
Aedes aegypti is the main vector of yellow fever, chikungunya, Zika, and dengue worldwide and is managed by using chem. insecticides. Though effective, their indiscriminate use brings in associated problems on safety to non-target and the environment. This supports the use of plant-based essential oil (EO) formulations as they are safe to use with limited effect on non-target organisms. Quick volatility and degradation of EO are a hurdle in its use; the present study attempts to develop nanoemulsions (NE) of Trachyspermum ammi EO and its constituent thymol using Tween 80 as surfactant by ultrasonication method. The NE of EO had droplet size ranging from 65 ± 0.7 to 83 ± 0.09 nm and a poly dispersity index (PDI) value of 0.18 ± 0.003 to 0.20 ± 0.07 from 1 to 60 days of storage. The NE of thymol showed a droplet size ranging from 167 ± 1 to 230 ± 1 nm and PDI value of 0.30 ± 0.03 to 0.40 ± 0.008 from 1 to 60 days of storage. The droplet shape of both NEs appeared spherical under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The larvicidal effect of NEs of EO and thymol was better than BEs (Bulk emulsion) of EO and thymol against Ae. aegypti. Among the NEs, thymol (LC50 34.89 ppm) had better larvicidal action than EO (LC50 46.73 ppm). Exposure to NEs of EO and thymol causes the shrinkage of the larval cuticle and inhibited the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in Ae. aegypti. Our findings show the enhanced effect of NEs over BEs which facilitate its use as an alternative control measure for Ae. aegypti. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2).
5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2
Referemce:
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Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts