Month: December 2022

Importance of the C12 carbon chain in the biological activity of rhamnolipids conferring protection in wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici was written by Platel, Remi;Chaveriat, Ludovic;Le Guenic, Sarah;Pipeleers, Rutger;Magnin-Robert, Maryline;Randoux, Beatrice;Trapet, Pauline;Lequart, Vincent;Joly, Nicolas;Halama, Patrice;Martin, Patrick;Hofte, Monica;Reignault, Philippe;Siah, Ali. And the article was included in Molecules in 2021.Product Details of 10030-85-0 This article mentions the following:

The hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, responsible for Septoria tritici blotch, is currently the most devastating foliar disease on wheat crops worldwide. Here, we explored, for the first time, the ability of rhamnolipids (RLs) to control this pathogen, using a total of 19 RLs, including a natural RL mixture produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 18 bioinspired RLs synthesized using green chem., as well as two related compounds (lauric acid and dodecanol). These compounds were assessed for in vitro antifungal effect, in planta defense elicitation (peroxidase and catalase enzyme activities), and protection efficacy on the wheat-Z. tritici pathosystem. Interestingly, a structure-activity relationship anal. revealed that synthetic RLs with a 12 carbon fatty acid tail were the most effective for all examined biol. activities. This highlights the importance of the C12 chain in the bioactivity of RLs, likely by acting on the plasma membranes of both wheat and Z. tritici cells. The efficacy of the most active compound Rh-Est-C12 was 20-fold lower in planta than in vitro; an optimization of the formulation is thus required to increase its effectiveness. No Z. tritici strain-dependent activity was scored for Rh-Est-C12 that exhibited similar antifungal activity levels towards strains differing in their resistance patterns to demethylation inhibitor fungicides, including multi-drug resistance strains. This study reports new insights into the use of bio-inspired RLs to control Z. tritici. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0Product Details of 10030-85-0).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Product Details of 10030-85-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ospemifene for the treatment of vulvar and vaginal atrophy: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Part I: Evaluation of efficacy was written by Di Donato, Violante;schiavi, Michele Carlo;iacobelli, Valentina;D’oria, Ottavia;Kontopantelis, Evangelos;Simoncini, Tommaso;Muzii, Ludovico;Benedetti Panici, Pierluigi. And the article was included in Maturitas in 2019.Recommanded Product: 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of ospemifene in treating dyspareunia associated with postmenopausal vulvo-vaginal atrophy (VVA). Methods: A structured search was carried out in PubMed-Medlin, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register databases through to 31 July 2018. The search included the following terms: “Ospemifene”, “vulvovaginal atrophy”, “dyspareunia”, “SERM” and “randomized controlled trial” (RCTs). Four outcomes were selected: vaginal pH; proportions of parabasal and superficial vaginal cells; and perception of the most bothersome symptom (vaginal dryness or dyspareunia). A random-effects model was used in the meta-anal. Study quality and bias risk were assessed with the Cochrane tool. Results: Six RCTs comparing the efficacy of ospemifene against placebo after 12 and 52 wk of treatment were included in the meta-anal. At 12 wk, changes in vaginal Ph (SMD: -0.96, 95% CI:-1.12 to -0.81; p < 0.0001), parabasal cells (SMD: -36.84 95% CI -46.95 to -26.72; p < 0.0001), superficial cells (SMD: 8.23, 95% CI 3.73-12.74, p < 0.0003), and dyspareunia (SMD= – 2.70, 95% CI – 2.88 to -2.52, p < 0.0001) indicated that ospemifene was more effective than placebo. Conclusion: The present meta-anal. suggests that ospemifene 60 mg is associated with significant improvement in the morphol. and physiol. features of the vaginal mucosa that correlate with the symptoms associated with postmenopausal VVA. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Recommanded Product: 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Biocatalytic Asymmetric Hydrogen Transfer Employing Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541 was written by Stampfer, Wolfgang;Kosjek, Birgit;Faber, Kurt;Kroutil, Wolfgang. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2003.Safety of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Nonracemic secondary alcs. of opposite absolute configuration were obtained either by asym. reduction of the corresponding ketone using 2-propanol as hydrogen donor or by enantioselective oxidation through kinetic resolution of the racemic alc. using acetone as hydrogen acceptor employing whole lyophilized cells of Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541. The microbial oxidation/reduction system exhibits not only excellent stereo- and enantioselectivity but also a broad substrate spectrum. Due to the exceptional tolerance of the biocatalyst toward elevated concentrations of organic materials (solvents, substrates and cosubstrates), the process is highly efficient. The simple preparation of the biocatalyst and its ease of handling turns this system into a versatile tool for organic synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Safety of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Safety of (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Regioselective hydroboration-oxidation and -amination of fluoro-substituted styrenes was written by Ramachandran, P. Veeraraghavan;Madhi, Sateesh;O’Donnell, Martin J.. And the article was included in Journal of Fluorine Chemistry in 2006.Synthetic Route of C9H9F3O This article mentions the following:

Hydroboration of fluorinated styrenes with common hydroborating agents results in polymerization However, regioselective hydroboration has been achieved by utilizing iodoborane-dimethyl sulfide. A series of fluorinated β-phenethyl alcs. and amines, e.g., I [R = OH, NH₂] were synthesized via this methodol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Synthetic Route of C9H9F3O).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Synthetic Route of C9H9F3O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hydrochar and hydrochar co-compost from OFMSW digestate for soil application: 2. agro-environmental properties was written by Bona, Daniela;Scrinzi, Donato;Tonon, Giustino;Ventura, Maurizio;Nardin, Tiziana;Zottele, Fabio;Andreis, Daniele;Andreottola, Gianni;Fiori, Luca;Silvestri, Silvia. And the article was included in Journal of Environmental Management in 2022.Related Products of 149-32-6 This article mentions the following:

The work concerns the study of the hydrochar from digestate and hydrochar co-compost characterization as amendments. The processes for hydrochar and co-compost production were described in Part 1 of this work (Scrinzi et al., 2022). The amendment properties of hydrochar (produced at 180-200-220°C for 3 h) and co-composts (25%, 50%, and 75% hydrochar percentage of digestate substitution) were assessed by phytotoxicity, plant growth bioassay, and soil effect. Different seeds species (Lepidium sativum, Cucumis sativus, and Sorghum bicolor sp.) were dosed at increased concentrations using both wet raw amendments and their water extracts The chem. characterization showed phytotoxic compounds content depending on both the initial feedstock (digestate) and the HTC process at the same time, the anal. highlighted the reduction of these compounds by composting (organic acid, polyphenols, salt concentration). The dose-response was analyzed by the Cedergreen-Streibig-Ritz model and the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) was calculated based on this equation. The soil properties and GHG emissions measurements (CH₄, CO₂, N₂O, and NH₃) highlighted the effect on N dynamics and on soil respiration induced by substrates. The HC200 soil application determined a significant impact on CO₂ and N₂O emission and NH3 volatilization (10.82 mol CO₂/m²; 51.45 mmol N₂O/m²; 112 mol NH₃/m²) and a significant reduction of total N and TOC (46% of TKN and 49% of TOC). The co-compost (75%) showed specific effects after soil application compared to other samples an increase of available P (48%), a greater content of nitrogen (1626 mg/kg dry basis), and a reduction of organic carbon (17%). Our results demonstrate the good quality of co-compost and at the same time the validity of this post-treatment for addressing many issues related to hydrochar use in the soil as an amendment, confirming the suitability of HTC process integration for digestate treatment in anaerobic digestion plants. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Related Products of 149-32-6).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Related Products of 149-32-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Modified Montmorillonite clay catalyzed regioselective ring opening of epoxide with amines and alcohols under solvent free conditions was written by Bhuyan, Diganta;Saikia, Lakshi;Dutta, Dipak Kumar. And the article was included in Applied Catalysis, A: General in 2014.Recommanded Product: Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

Modification of Montmorillonite by acid treatment depletes the layered structure and generates micro- and mesopores. The catalytic activity of naturally occurring Montmorillonite clay modified by acid treatment is reported for the reactions of epoxides with nucleophiles such as amines and alcs. at ambient temperature and solvent-free condition. The solid acid catalyst of the present study is reusable and exhibits significantly higher catalytic activities than known catalysts for the opening of the oxirane ring with nitrogen (aromatic as well as aliphatic amines) and oxygen (aromatic as well as aliphatic alcs.). A wide range of β-amino alcs. and β-alkoxy alcs. are synthesized with high epoxide conversion of excellent regioselectivity. The modified catalyst is recycled up to five times without significant loss in conversion and selectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6Recommanded Product: Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol).

Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Recommanded Product: Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bioinspired Rubber Composites with Mechanical Robustness, Recyclability, and Shape Memory Properties was written by Zhang, Jihua;Qin, Junhong;Feng, Huadong;Wang, Hao;Zao, Weitao;Yang, Yuan;Liang, Zi. And the article was included in Macromolecular Materials and Engineering in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Vitrimers display great potential for application in various industries thanks to their high strength, reprocessability, and multi-functions. However, it is still quite a challenge to fabricate rubber vitrimers as the facile designs in reversible crosslinking networks are always critical Herein, inspired by mussel byssus, heterogeneous coordination networks are constructed in nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) to develop novel vitrimeric structures composed of metal-phenolic network (MPN) granules with dense zinc ions (Zn²⁺)-tea polyphenol (TP) bonds and a soft matrix containing few Zn²⁺cyano group (CN) coordination bonds. The resulting NBR composites show tunable reinforcement simply by altering the amount of Zn²⁺ ions. The reversibility of complexations endows the composites with good plasticity, recyclability, and stable shape memory properties. Plasticity at high temperatures changes vitrimeric networks, producing larger and spindle-like MPN granules owing to their secondary self-assembly. Despite these variations, the vitrimeric composites still maintain engineering plasticity-based shape memory properties at a relatively large strain. Therefore, it is believed that the biomimetic strategies can well fabricate rubber composites with high strength, reprocessable, and shape-memory performance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ospemifene displays broad-spectrum synergistic interactions with itraconazole through potent interference with fungal efflux activities was written by Eldesouky, Hassan E.;Salama, Ehab A.;Hazbun, Tony R.;Mayhoub, Abdelrahman S.;Seleem, Mohamed N.. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2020.SDS of cas: 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Azole antifungals are vital therapeutic options for treating invasive mycotic infections. However, the emergence of azole-resistant isolates combined with limited therapeutic options presents a growing challenge in medical mycol. To address this issue, we utilized microdilution checkerboard assays to evaluate nine stilbene compounds for their ability to interact synergistically with azole drugs, particularly against azole-resistant fungal isolates. Ospemifene displayed the most potent azole chemosensitizing activity, and its combination with itraconazole displayed broad-spectrum synergistic interactions against Candida albicans, Candida auris, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus (∑FICI = 0.05-0.50). Addnl., in a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model, the ospemifene-itraconazole combination significantly reduced fungal CFU burdens in infected nematodes by ∼75-96%. Nile Red efflux assays and RT-qPCR anal. suggest ospemifene interferes directly with fungal efflux systems, thus permitting entry of azole drugs into fungal cells. This study identifies ospemifene as a novel antifungal adjuvant that augments the antifungal activity of itraconazole against a broad range of fungal pathogens. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7SDS of cas: 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.SDS of cas: 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Facile Fabrication of a Multifunctional Metal-Organic Framework-based Sensor Exhibiting Exclusive Solvochromic Behaviors toward Ketone Molecules was written by Li, Bao;Chen, Xi;Hu, Peng;Kirchon, Angelo;Zhao, Yu-Meng;Pang, Jiandong;Zhang, Tianle;Zhou, Hong-Cai. And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2019.Formula: C4H11NO This article mentions the following:

To probe the efficient strategy for preparing a multifunctional sensing material, the facile synthesis strategies and successful examples are urgently required. Through the use of a hexadentate ligand derived from cyclotriphosphazene, which displays spiral configurations and multiple connection modes, a novel metal-organic framework (MOF) was constructed via 1-step synthesis from low-cost raw materials. The presence of multiple interaction sites decorating the helical channels of the reported MOF gives rise to exclusive solvochromic-sensing behavior for small ketone mols. such as acetone, acetophenone, and 2,5-diketohexane. Addnl., the helical structure of a Mn-carboxylate chain allows for the pore volume not only be available for the adsorption of large organic mols. but also enables the enantiopure selective separation of 1-phenylethanol (ee 35.99%). Also, the structural anal. of the acetophenone-encapsulated sample allowed the solvochromic mechanism to be elucidated, which should be ascribed to the strong H-bonding interaction between the guest mols. and specific sites on a host matrix. The exptl. results have not only clearly manifested the vital role of starting materials of MOFs, including the connection modes and spatial configuration, but also provided very valuable insight for the future assembly of novel multifunctional sensing materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Formula: C4H11NO).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C4H11NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

α-Amino Radical Halogen Atom Transfer Agents for Metallaphotoredox-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Couplings of Distinct Organic Halides was written by Tian, Xianhai;Kaur, Jaspreet;Yakubov, Shahboz;Barham, Joshua P.. And the article was included in ChemSusChem in 2022.Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol This article mentions the following:

α-Amino radicals from simple tertiary amines were employed as halogen atom transfer (XAT) agents in metallaphotoredox catalysis for cross-electrophile couplings of organic bromides with organic iodides. This XAT strategy proved to be efficient for the generation of carbon radicals from a range of partners (alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, and alkynyl iodides). The reactivities of these radical intermediates were captured by nickel catalysis with organobromides including aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, and alkyl bromides, enabling six diverse C-C bond formations. Classic named reactions including Negishi, Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira reactions were readily achieved in a net-reductive fashion under mild conditions. More importantly, the cross coupling was viable with either organic bromide or iodide as limiting reactant based on the availability of substrates, which is beneficial to the late-stage functionalization of complex mols. The scalability of this method in batch and flow was investigated, further demonstrating its applicability. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Safety of (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts