Month: December 2022

A Cobalt(II) Complex Bearing the Amine(imine)diphosphine PN(H)NP Ligand for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones was written by Huo, Shangfei;Chen, Hong;Zuo, Weiwei. And the article was included in European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry in 2021.Name: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Novel chiral cobalt complex a containing amine(imine)diphosphine PN(H)NP ligand and complex b containing bis(amine)diphosphine PN(H)N(H)P ligand were synthesized. The structures of two complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallog. and high resolution mass spectrometry. The catalytic performances of cobalt complexes a and b for asym. transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones under mild conditions were evaluated using 2-propanolisopropanol as solvent and hydrogen source after being activated by 8 equiv of base. Complex a showed a good reactivity for reduction of ketones, with a turnover number (TON) of up to 555, and a maximum enantiomeric excess (ee) value of up to 91%. Complex b exhibited inertness for hydrogenation of ketones. Electronic structure studies on a and b were conducted to account for the function of ligands on the catalytic performances. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Name: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Name: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A comprehensive study on essential oil compositions, antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antityrosinase activities of three Iranian Artemisia species was written by Shahrivari, Saba;Alizadeh, Saeedeh;Ghassemi-Golezani, Kazem;Aryakia, Elyas. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Safety of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

Artemisia is one of the most diverse genera in the Asteraceae family. The genus is wildly distributed in Irano-Turanian habitats and includes 34 species in Iran. Here, for the first time the essential oil variability, antioxidants and anti-cholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities of extracts of three Artemisia species (A. tournefortiana, A. khorassanica, A. haussknechtii), from different regions of Iran were evaluated. Based on GC-MS analyses, 81.84% to 98.70% of the total oils were identified. Cluster anal. grouped the studied populations in three different chemotypes. The highest and the lowest essential oil contents were observed in A. khorassanica and A. haussknechtii species, resp. Camphor, en-in-dicycloether, 1,8-cineole and (Z)-β-farnesene were the dominant components of essential oil in investigated ecotypes. The results revealed that the total phenol content was higher in A. tournefortiana collected from Kerman and A. haussknechtii collected from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. However, the lowest phenol content was recorded for A. haussknechtii collected from Isfahan province. The highest flavonoids content was found in A. tournefortiana collected from West Azerbaijan and A. khorassanica collected from North Khorasan. The highest FRAP antioxidant activity was observed in A. tournefortiana (Kerman) and the lower amount was in A. haussknechtii collected from Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad. The highest antioxidant activity by DPPH method was in A. khorassanica collected from South Khorasan and the lowest activity was in Isfahan’s A. haussknechtii. The acetycholine esterase inhibitory activity was higher in A. tournefortiana collected from West Azerbaijan; and the lowest activity was in A. haussknechtii collected from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity was in A. khorassanica collected from North Khorasan; and the lowest was in A. haussknechtii collected from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Safety of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Safety of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kinetic Model for the Manufacturing of 1,2-Propanediol (1,2-PDO) via Hydrogenolysis of Bio-glycerol Over Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) Derived Cu_0.45Zn_0.15Mg_5.4Al₂O₉ Catalyst in an Autoclave Reactor was written by Meena, Mohan Lal;Pandey, Dinesh Kumar;Malviya, Himanshu;Biswas, Prakash. And the article was included in Catalysis Letters in 2022.Synthetic Route of C3H8O2 This article mentions the following:

Kinetic model for the formation of 1,2-propanediol via liquid-phase glycerol hydrogenolysis was developed in presence of a layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursor derived Cu_0.45Zn_0.15Mg_5.4Al₂O₉ catalyst. A new reaction pathway of glycerol hydrogenolysis is proposed. The exptl. concentrations of feed and products were fitted in the Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) model. The model equations were solved by ode23s in MATLAB. The kinetic variables were estimated by minimizing the residual sum of squares between the exptl. and model-predicted concentrations of feed and products. Results suggested that the LHHW model satisfactorily correlated with the exptl. data. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Synthetic Route of C3H8O2).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Synthetic Route of C3H8O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A UV-Cleavable Bottlebrush Polymer with o-Nitrobenzyl-Linked Side Chains was written by Zhu, Wen;Zhang, Liangcai;Chen, Yongming;Zhang, Ke. And the article was included in Macromolecular Rapid Communications in 2017.Formula: C7H7NO4 This article mentions the following:

An UV-cleavable bottlebrush polymer is synthesized using the “grafting-onto” strategy by combining living radical polymerization and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). In this approach, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization is used to prepare a poly(methylacrylate) backbone with azide side groups, while atom transfer radical polymerization is employed to prepare polystyrene (PS) side chains end-functionalized with o-nitrobenzyl (UV-cleavable) propargyl groups. CuAAC is then used to graft PS side chains onto the polymer backbone, producing the corresponding bottlebrush polymers with UV-cleavable PS side chains. The formation of the bottlebrush polymer is characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatog. (GPC), and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy. The cleavage behavior of the bottlebrush polymer is monitored in THF solution under UV irradiation by GPC and viscosity measurements. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Formula: C7H7NO4).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Formula: C7H7NO4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Manganese complex-catalyzed oxidation and oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols by hydrogen peroxide was written by Miao, Chengxia;Li, Xiao-Xi;Lee, Yong-Min;Xia, Chungu;Wang, Yong;Nam, Wonwoo;Sun, Wei. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 120121-01-9 This article mentions the following:

The highly efficient catalytic oxidation and oxidative kinetic resolution (OKR) of secondary alcs. has been achieved using a synthetic manganese catalyst with low loading and hydrogen peroxide as an environmentally benign oxidant in the presence of a small amount of sulfuric acid as an additive. The product yields were high (up to 93%) for alc. oxidation and the enantioselectivity was excellent (>90% ee) for the OKR of secondary alcs. Mechanistic studies revealed that alc. oxidation occurs via hydrogen atom (H-atom) abstraction from an α-CH bond of the alc. substrate and a two-electron process by an electrophilic Mn-oxo species. D. functional theory calculations revealed the difference in reaction energy barriers for H-atom abstraction from the α-CH bonds of R- and S-enantiomers by a chiral high-valent manganese-oxo complex, supporting the exptl. result from the OKR of secondary alcs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9HPLC of Formula: 120121-01-9).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.HPLC of Formula: 120121-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Polymeric encapsulation of liquids via plasma surface polymerization was written by Rezaei, Farzad;Dickey, Michael David;Hauser, Peter Jacob. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Polymer Science in 2020.Formula: C10H14O5 This article mentions the following:

This study introduces a new approach of liquid encapsulation using an atm. pressure plasma (APP). The technique is similar to interfacial polymerization, though here one phase is liquid (that contains unsaturated C=C bonds) and the other phase is plasma (that contains free radicals). When combined, the atm. plasma can induce surface polymerization of an acrylate-based liquid, resulting in a thin polymeric skin on top of the liquid Measurements with an at. force microscope and a spectroscopic ellipsometer estimate the thickness of the skin formed on top of di(ethylene glycol) diacrylate to be 40-50 nm. To demonstrate an application of this method, we encapsulated hemispherical capsules of reactive adhesives on a glass substrate. These adhesives are based on thiol-acrylate and thiol-acrylate-epoxy systems that react in the presence of a strong base catalyst. Plasma-induced polymerization can encapsulate, immobilize, and isolate sep. droplets of resin and the catalyst in a latent (nonreactive) state. These capsules remain latent until they rupture in response to phys. contact. A tensile testing machine reports an adhesive strength of ∼ 2 MPa for the formulated resins after curing. The capsules reported here may be useful for storing functional liquids for just-in-time release, such as contact-sensitive adhesives, on-demand lubricants, or self-healing agents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Formula: C10H14O5).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Formula: C10H14O5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Comparative study of catalytic activity of tetrameric lanthanide-substituted polyoxotungstates [(Ln₂XW₁₀O₃₈)₄(W₃O₈)(OH)₄(H₂O)₂]^n- (X = Si^IV, Ge^IV & P^V and n = 26 or 25) for the oxidation of alcohols was written by Hussain, Firasat;Khan, Imran;Das, Vivek. And the article was included in Inorganica Chimica Acta in 2022.Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

The catalytic activity of tetrameric lanthanide-substituted phospho, germano and silicotungstate with the formula [(Ln₂XW₁₀O₃₈)₄(W₃O₈)(OH)₄(H₂O)₂]^n- (X = Si^IV, Ge^IV & P^V and n = 26 or 25) {Ln₈X₄W₄₀} (X = Si^IV, Ge^IV or P^V) has been investigated for the oxidation of alc. derivatives in homogeneous medium. The comparative study shows that the lanthanide-substituted phosphotungstates possesses better catalytic activity over the silico and germanotungstate analogs. The reaction was carried out in eco-friendly solvent (water) in presence of green oxidant (H₂O₂). The recovered catalysts were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The catalysts are stable and can be recovered even after five consecutive cycles of reaction with only a slight loss in its catalytic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cyanobacterium-catalyzed asymmetric reduction of ketones was written by Nakamura, K.;Yamanaka, R.;Tohi, K.;Hamada, H.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2000.Safety of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942, a cyanobacterium, acted as a biocatalyst to reduce aryl Me ketones into the corresponding (S)-alcs. with excellent enantioselectivities under illumination. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Safety of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Safety of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Multiple cryoprotectant toxicity model for vitrification solution optimization was written by Warner, Ross M.;Brown, Kevin S.;Benson, James D.;Eroglu, Ali;Higgins, Adam Z.. And the article was included in Cryobiology in 2022.Reference of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

Vitrification is a promising cryopreservation technique for complex specimens such as tissues and organs. However, it is challenging to identify mixtures of cryoprotectants (CPAs) that prevent ice formation without exerting excessive toxicity. In this work, we developed a multi-CPA toxicity model that predicts the toxicity kinetics of mixtures containing five of the most common CPAs used in the field (glycerol, di-Me sulfoxide (DMSO), propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, and formamide). The model accounts for specific toxicity, non-specific toxicity, and interactions between CPAs. The proposed model shows reasonable agreement with training data for single and binary CPA solutions, as well as ternary CPA solution validation data. Sloppy model anal. was used to examine the model parameters that were most important for predictions, providing clues about mechanisms of toxicity. This anal. revealed that the model terms for non-specific toxicity were particularly important, especially the non-specific toxicity of propylene glycol, as well as model terms for specific toxicity of formamide and interactions between formamide and glycerol. To demonstrate the potential for model-based design of vitrification methods, we paired the multi-CPA toxicity model with a published vitrification/devitrification model to identify vitrifiable CPA mixtures that are predicted to have minimal toxicity. The resulting optimized vitrification solution composition was a mixture of 7.4 m glycerol, 1.4 m DMSO, and 2.4 m formamide. This demonstrates the potential for math. optimization of vitrification solution composition and sets the stage for future studies to optimize the complete vitrification process, including CPA mixture composition and CPA addition and removal methods. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Reference of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Reference of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Electro-optic characteristics of stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals with non-liquid crystalline polymer networks was written by Radka, Brian P.;Lee, Kyung Min;Godman, Nicholas P.;White, Timothy J.. And the article was included in Soft Matter in 2022.Quality Control of Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate This article mentions the following:

Extensive prior research has explored the stabilization of the CLC phase with polymer networks. These prior efforts have demonstrated both tunable and switchable electro-optic reconfiguration of the selective reflection of the CLC phase. Recently, we and other groups have detailed that polymer stabilization of the CLC phase with liquid crystalline monomers retains “structural” chirality (e.g., the chiral phase templates the morphol. of the achiral polymer network). Here, we demonstrate that structural chirality can be retained in aliphatic, non-liquid crystalline monomers. PSCLCs prepared by photoinitiated polymerization of aliphatic polymer networks exhibit reversible electro-optic responses. Facilitated by the retention of structural chirality in aliphatic stabilizing polymer networks, we explore the role of surface affinity and crosslink d. in the transfer of structural chirality to the liquid crystal media. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Quality Control of Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Quality Control of Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts