Month: December 2022

Photocleavage of Poly(methyl acrylate) with Centrally Located o-Nitrobenzyl Moiety: Influence of Environment on Kinetics was written by Lee, Michele E.;Gungor, Eda;Armani, Andrea M.. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2015.COA of Formula: C7H7NO4 This article mentions the following:

We characterized the kinetics of a photocleavable o-nitrobenzyl (ONB)-modified poly(Me acrylate) in solution and in film. Using atom transfer radical polymerization, a single photolabile ONB group was incorporated into the center of the polymer chain, resulting in a clearly defined photoresponse. The photocleavage behavior was characterized in three difference solvents and in film, and it was fit to an exponential model. The dependence of the reaction rate constants and quantum efficiency on the interaction parameter between the solvent and the polymer (χ₁₂) and the mol. weight was investigated. Interestingly, as χ₁₂ decreased, the reaction rate increased and the quantum efficiency increased. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9COA of Formula: C7H7NO4).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.COA of Formula: C7H7NO4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ospemifene in the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy was written by Barnes, Kylie N.;Pearce, Erica F.;Yancey, Abigail M.;Forinash, Alicia B.. And the article was included in Annals of Pharmacotherapy in 2014.Electric Literature of C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:

Objective: To review the pharmacol., efficacy, and safety of ospemifene in the management of dyspareunia. Data Sources: Literature was sought using PubMed (1966-Jan. 2014) and EMBASE (1973-Jan. 2014). Search terms included ospemifene, FC-1271a, dyspareunia, vulvovaginal atrophy, and vaginal atrophy. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All studies, including studies on humans, published in English with data assessing the efficacy and safety of ospemifene in the management of dyspareunia were evaluated. Data Synthesis: Ospemifene is a new oral estrogen receptor agonist/antagonist indicated for moderate to severe dyspareunia. Clin. trials evaluating efficacy have shown a significant improvement in superficial cells, parabasal cells, vaginal pH, vaginal dryness, and dyspareunia. The most frequently reported adverse drug reactions in the clin. trials included hot flashes, vaginal discharge, muscle spasms, and hyperhidrosis. Similar to systemic estrogen, boxed warnings with ospemifene include risk for thromboembolism and cerebrovascular disease. Addnl., patients with a uterus still need to use a progestogen with ospemifene to reduce the risk of hyperplasia. Conclusions: Ospemifene has been effective in improving symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy when compared with placebo; however, no studies comparing ospemifene with estrogen products exist. Addnl. clin. trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety in specialty populations, and long-term safety data are needed to assess the potential for serious adverse events. With the risks being similar to that for systemic estrogen therapy, ospemifene appears to be an alternative agent to estrogen therapy but does not have any advantages over estrogen. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Electric Literature of C24H23ClO2).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Electric Literature of C24H23ClO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The neuroprotective activities and antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides from Saccharina japonica was written by Jin, Weihua;Zhang, Wenjing;Wang, Jing;Zhang, Quanbin. And the article was included in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules in 2013.Quality Control of (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate This article mentions the following:

The crude polysaccharide (W) was extracted by water from Saccharina japonica and five fractions were separated by anion-exchange chromatog. And their chem. constituents, neuroprotective activities and antioxidant activities were studied. It showed that W had the neuroprotective activity while its fractions did not. In addition, the fractions displayed higher activities on hydroxyl-radical scavenging effects and reducing power than these of W. Moreover, it was speculated that the neuroprotective activities of samples were related to the hydroxyl-radical scavenging effect and reducing power while did not relate to superoxide-radical scavenging effect. Finally, it was concluded that some fractions could be good candidate antioxidants in food chem. owing to the high antioxidant activities and their non-toxic characteristics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0Quality Control of (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Quality Control of (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

LC-QTOF MS screening of more than 1000 licit and illicit drugs and their metabolites in wastewater and surface waters from the area of Bogota, Colombia was written by Hernandez, Felix;Ibanez, Maria;Botero-Coy, Ana-Maria;Bade, Richard;Bustos-Lopez, Martha Cristina;Rincon, Javier;Moncayo, Alejandro;Bijlsma, Lubertus. And the article was included in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry in 2015.Recommanded Product: 2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid This article mentions the following:

A large screening of ∼1000 emerging contaminants, focused on licit and illicit drugs and their metabolites, has been made in urban wastewaters (both influent and effluent) and surface waters from the area of Bogota, Colombia. After a simple generic solid-phase extraction (SPE) step with Oasis hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced (HLB) cartridges, analyses were made by ultra HPLC coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS) under MS^E mode (sequential acquisition of mass spectra at low energy (LE) and high collision energy (HE)). Accurate mass measurements and the information provided by MS^E on the presence of the (de)protonated mol. and fragment ions allowed the reliable identification of the compounds detected, even without reference standards being available in some cases (tentative identification). The compounds most frequently found were acetaminophen/paracetamol, carbamazepine and its dihydro-dihydroxylated metabolite, clarithromycin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, gemfibrozil, lincomycin, losartan, valsartan, the 2 metabolites of metamizole (4-acetamido-antipyrine and 4-formylamino-antipyrine), sucralose, and cocaine and its main metabolite benzoylecgonine. Caffeine, the sweetener saccharin, and 2 hydroxylated metabolites of losartan were tentatively identified in almost all samples analyzed. Pharmaceutical lidocaine was tentatively identified and subsequently confirmed with reference standard For the 1st time, a general overview of the occurrence of drugs and their metabolites in the aquatic environment of Colombia has been reported. In the near future, target methodologies, typically based on liquid chromatog. coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), will need to be set up for accurate and sensitive quantification of the contaminants selected on the basis on the information provided here. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6Recommanded Product: 2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid).

2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: 2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Manganese-Catalyzed Dual-Deoxygenative Coupling of Primary Alcohols with 2-Arylethanols was written by Wang, Yujie;Shao, Zhihui;Zhang, Kun;Liu, Qiang. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2018.Synthetic Route of C9H9F3O This article mentions the following:

Reported herein is a general and efficient dual-deoxygenative coupling of primary alcs. with 2-arylethanols catalyzed by a well-defined Mn/PNP pincer complex. This reaction is the first example of the catalytic dual-deoxygenation of alcs. using a non-noble-metal catalyst. Both deoxygenative homocoupling of 2-arylethanols (17 examples) and their deoxygenative cross-coupling with other primary alcs. (20 examples) proceeded smoothly to form the corresponding alkenes by a dehydrogenation and deformylation reaction sequence. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Synthetic Route of C9H9F3O).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Synthetic Route of C9H9F3O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate from Cuttlebone Assisted by the Biosurfactant L-rhamnose Monohydrate for Biomedical Materials was written by Tattanon, Thamonwan;Arpornmaeklong, Premjit;Ummartyotin, Sarute;Pongprayoon, Thirawudh. And the article was included in ChemEngineering in 2021.Computed Properties of C6H14O6 This article mentions the following:

The motivation of this research work is to develop novel medical material from cuttlebone (calcium source) by L-rhamnose monohydrate (biosurfactant) for aged people. The process can be synthesized biphasic calcium phosphate which is eco-friendly to environment. One of the most important aspects for this work is to use cuttlebone as a naturally occurring calcium source from a local beach in Thailand. It usually contains 90% calcium carbonate. The objective of this research work is to synthesize the biphasic calcium phosphate by hydrothermal reaction. Critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of 10, 20, 100, 500 and 1000 of L-rhamnose monohydrate were used to control particle size and shape. XRD revealed a mixture of β-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite powder. SEM reported that the size of particles can be effectively controlled by the addition of L-rhamnose monohydrate, and with the addition of surfactant, size uniformity was achieved. The cytotoxicity test was reported to be in the range of 70-75%. It was remarkable to note that biphasic calcium phosphate synthesized from cuttlebone with the aid of L-rhamnose monohydrate will be considered an excellent candidate as a scaffold material. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0Computed Properties of C6H14O6).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Computed Properties of C6H14O6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A radical approach to the copper oxidative addition problem: Trifluoromethylation of bromoarenes was written by Le, Chip;Chen, Tiffany Q.;Liang, Tao;Zhang, Patricia;MacMillan, David W. C.. And the article was included in Science (Washington, DC, United States) in 2018.Name: 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

Transition metal-catalyzed arene functionalization was widely used for mol. synthesis over the past century. In this arena, copper catalysis has long been considered a privileged platform due to the propensity of high-valent copper to undergo reductive elimination with a wide variety of coupling fragments. However, the sluggish nature of oxidative addition has limited copper’s capacity to broadly facilitate haloarene coupling protocols. Here, this copper oxidative addition problem can be overcome with an aryl radical-capture mechanism, wherein the aryl radical was generated through a silyl radical halogen abstraction. This strategy was applied to a general trifluoromethylation of aryl bromides through dual copper-photoredox catalysis. Mechanistic studies support the formation of an open-shell aryl species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Name: 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Name: 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Selective C-C bonds formation, N-alkylation and benzo[d]imidazoles synthesis by a recyclable zinc composite was written by Zhu, Guanxin;Duan, Zheng-Chao;Zhu, Haiyan;Ye, Dongdong;Wang, Dawei. And the article was included in Chinese Chemical Letters in 2022.Reference of 873-76-7 This article mentions the following:

Earth abundant metals are much less expensive, promising, valuable metals and could be served as catalysts for the borrowing hydrogen reaction, dehydrogenation and heterocycles synthesis, instead of noble metals. The uniformly dispersed zinc composites were designed, synthesized and carefully characterized by means of XPS, EDS, TEM and XRD. The resulting zinc composite showed good catalytic activity for the N-alkylation of amines 2-R-3-R¹-4-R²-5-R³-C₆HNH₂ (R = H, Cl, Me; R¹ = H, Cl; R² = H, Cl, OMe; R³ = H, Me) with amines R⁴CH₂NH₂ (R⁴ = Ph, 2-methylphenyl, thiophen-2-yl, etc.), ketones R⁵C(O)CH₃ (R⁵ = Ph, 3-bromophenyl, naphthalen-2-yl, etc.;) with alcs. R⁶CH₂OH (R⁶ = Ph, 3,4-difluorophenyl, thiophen-2-yl, etc.) in water under base-free conditions, while unsaturated carbonyl compounds R⁵C(O)CH=CHR⁶ and R⁵C(O)(CH₂)₂R⁶ could also be synthesized by tuning the reaction conditions. Importantly, it was the first time to realize the synthesis of 2-aryl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives I (R⁷ = H, Cl, Me) by using this zinc composite under green conditions. Meanwhile, this zinc catalyst could be easily recovered and reused for at least five times. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Reference of 873-76-7).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Reference of 873-76-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dynamical modeling and experimental aspects of multi-responsive hydroxy-functional methacrylate-based gels with tunable swelling induced by multivalent ions was written by Orakdogen, Nermin;Sanay, Berran. And the article was included in Polymer in 2017.COA of Formula: C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

Novel materials displaying multi-responsive property were developed by forming crosslinked copolymer systems that exhibit distinct temperature, pH and salt-sensitivity independently. An investigation of the mech. properties of a novel multi-responsive poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (PHPMA)-based hydrogel system was carried out with two major objectives. First was to study the effect of various preparation conditions; reaction temperature, comonomer content on the elasticity as well as on the absorbency of resulting hydroxy-functional methacrylate-based gels and the second was to interpret their water uptake data by various kinetic models. Experiments were conducted to characterize the equilibrium swelling and temperature/pH-dependent phase transitions of PHPMA-based copolymeric gels prepared by radical crosslinking copolymerization in aqueous solution with tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as crosslinker. The aqueous equilibrium swelling properties of PHPMA hydrogels and cryogels containing methacrylate-based comonomer were described using N,N-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) having weakly basic cationic groups. For PHPMA-based copolymeric hydrogels, the scaling laws relating the optimum preparation conditions with the crosslinking d. N and the swelling degree q_v were derived. Dynamic kinetics profiles were evaluated to outline the swelling/deswelling response of the resulting hydrogels and cryogels which presents useful information when designing specific applications that pursue or require the absorption of pH-sensitive or ionic-strength-sensitive mols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1COA of Formula: C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.COA of Formula: C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pd-Catalyzed Direct Deoxygenative Arylation of Non-π-Extended Benzyl Alcohols with Boronic Acids via Transient Formation of Non-Innocent Isoureas was written by Toupalas, Georgios;Thomann, Gianin;Schlemper, Lukas;Rivero-Crespo, Miguel A.;Schmitt, Hendrik L.;Morandi, Bill. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2022.Product Details of 873-76-7 This article mentions the following:

Authors report the direct arylation of non-derivatized alcs. with boronic acids and demonstrate that a Pd catalyst, in combination with a carbodiimide, can be used to forge a C-C bond via the transient formation of non-innocent isoureas from the corresponding alcs. Besides further polarizing the C-O bond, the transiently generated isourea contains a masked base that is released during the reaction to enable catalytic turnover under exogenous base-free conditions. The developed concept was benchmarked against the coupling of non-π-extended benzyl alcs. and boronic acids and led to the formation of a C-C bond between differently decorated coupling partners. Notably, the strategic generation of non-innocent isoureas endows this C-O cleavage reaction with high orthogonality over conventional electrophiles and enables the employment of highly base-sensitive boronic acids. Addnl., the preformed isoureas can be leveraged for rapid (5 min reaction time) exogenous base-free coupling reactions, which work under conventional thermal conditions and do not rely on customized catalysts or specialized equipment. The synthetic investigations were also complemented by preliminary mechanistic studies. More broadly, the presented work bridges a conceptual gap between two important research areas, i.e., carbodiimide-mediated alc. activation and deoxygenative transition metal-catalyzed coupling chem., providing a promising blueprint for direct catalytic deoxygenative reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Product Details of 873-76-7).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Product Details of 873-76-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts