Month: December 2022

Pressurized-liquid extraction as an efficient method for valorization of Thymus serpyllum herbal dust towards sustainable production of antioxidants was written by Mrkonjic, Zivan;Rakic, Dusan;Kaplan, Muammer;Teslic, Nemanja;Zekovic, Zoran;Pavlic, Branimir. And the article was included in Molecules in 2021.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

The aim of this study was to valorize Thymus serpyllum herbal dust, a particular fraction distinguished as an industrial waste from filter-tea production Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was used with the aim of overcoming certain obstacles of conventional extraction techniques in terms of shortening extraction time, reducing solvent consumption and energy costs, using green solvents and obtaining high yield and quality products. In order to optimize PLE of T. serpyllum herbal dust, the preliminary screening of the independent variables in order to define the most influential parameters and their domain was done first. After the screening, the optimization study using the face-centered central composite exptl. design (CCD) with response surface methodol. (RSM) was implemented. Addnl., taking into account the high awareness of the pos. influence of antioxidants on the human health and associating it with high content of polyphenolic compounds in various members of Lamiaceae family, PLE has proven to be a great approach for antioxidants recovery from T. serpyllum herbal dust. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application In Synthesis of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Influence of amino acid moiety accessibility on the chiral recognition of cyclodextrin-amino acid mixed selectors in enantioselective gas chromatography was written by Stephany, Olivier;Tisse, Severine;Coadou, Gael;Bouillon, Jean-Philippe;Peulon-Agasse, Valerie;Cardinael, Pascal. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2012.Application In Synthesis of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Original mixed selectors were synthesized by coupling a single L-valine diamide moiety on permethylated β-cyclodextrin. The structures of the new selectors were designed to limit the interactions between the L-valine derivative and cyclodextrin by removing the amino acid moiety from the cyclodextrin cavity by an amide linkage on mono-6-amino permethylated β-CD or the insertion of a carboxymethyl group. The accessibility of the amino acid group moiety was thus facilitated. The new mixed selectors exhibited better enantioselectivity than Chirasil-L-Val for half (selector based on mono-6-amino permethylated β-CD) or more (selector with the carboxymethyl group) of the 41 amino acid derivatives Mol. modeling confirmed that these results could be attributed to an increase in the distance between the chiral center of the amino acid and the cyclodextrin cavity allowing better access of the amino acid moiety. These new mixed chiral selectors demonstrated a novel enantioselective capability with the successful separation of >90 racemic mixtures among the 105 chiral compounds tested. These mixed selectors exhibited enhanced enantioselectivity in comparison to binary selectors previously described with respect to both enantiomer resolution and the number of separated chiral compounds Also, an improvement of the enantioseparation factors compared to the corresponding parent phases for the amino acid derivatives was observed in many cases. These mixed selectors should therefore be considered some of the most versatile selectors for chiral gas chromatog. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Application In Synthesis of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application In Synthesis of (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Facile reduction of carboxylic acids to primary alcohols under catalyst-free and solvent-free conditions was written by Harinath, Adimulam;Bhattacharjee, Jayeeta;Panda, Tarun K.. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2019.Computed Properties of C7H6Cl2O This article mentions the following:

A facile protocol for the deoxygenative hydroboration of aliphatic and aryl carboxylic acids afforded corresponding primary alcs. under solvent-free and catalyst-free conditions was reported. The reaction proceeded under ambient temperature exhibited good tolerance towards various functional groups and generates quant. yields. The plausible mechanism involved the formation of Lewis acid-base adducts as well as the liberation of hydrogen gas. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Computed Properties of C7H6Cl2O).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Computed Properties of C7H6Cl2O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Non-contact detection of fentanyl by a field-portable ion mobility spectrometer was written by Fulton, Ashley C.;Vaughan, Stephanie R.;DeGreeff, Lauryn E.. And the article was included in Drug Testing and Analysis in 2022.Electric Literature of C4H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Rapid on-site detection of fentanyl is paramount for the safety of law enforcement and other first responders. Due to the opioid epidemic, death by overdose is at an all-time high with fentanyl adulteration as the main assailant. Providing a user-friendly method for the presumptive detection of fentanyl will increase safety for first responders. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) provides a quick, affordable, and accurate method for detecting fentanyl. Currently, most methods for detecting fentanyl require manipulation or handling of the highly potent substance. A recent comparative anal. study on the headspace of fentanyl determined N-phenylpropanamide (NPPA) a target analyte for fentanyl enabling vapor detection. Here, we demonstrate the development of a handheld IMS method for vapor detection of the target analyte for fentanyl. An alarm was programmed into the handheld IMS device for the detection of NPPA. The system was able to accurately detect NPPA in samples of reference-grade fentanyl and diluted reference-grade fentanyl, as well as 3.67 mg of fentanyl from samples confiscated from the US border. Common adulterants and over-the-counter drugs were tested and resulted in a false alarm rate of 0 for substances sampled. The limit of detection was determined to be as low as 5 ng of NPPA. Overall, the development of this user-friendly, non-contact method has considerable promise for near real-time non-contact detection of fentanyl increasing safety of first responders. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Electric Literature of C4H10O4).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Electric Literature of C4H10O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Deactivation Mechanism of an Ionic Liquid Catalyst in Transesterification to Dimethyl Carbonate was written by Ma, Junteng;Shen, Weihua;Wei, Wenxuan;Fang, Yunjin. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering & Technology in 2022.Synthetic Route of C3H8O2 This article mentions the following:

The catalytic activity of an ionic liquid catalyst decreased during the transesterification of propylene carbonate (PC) with methanol to di-Me carbonate (DMC). The interaction between the strong basic sites of ionic liquid catalyst and carbonyl compounds of PC and/or DMC was considered to attribute to this deactivation. The presence of H₂O accelerated this process by the formation of OH^–. The strong basic ionic liquid reacted with the trace amount of H₂O in the reaction system to generate OH^–, which then reacted with the carbonyl structure in PC and/or DMC to form the inactive compound HCO₃^–, resulting in the deactivation of the ionic liquid catalyst. A plausible mechanism was proposed for the deactivation of the ionic liquid catalyst in this reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Synthetic Route of C3H8O2).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Synthetic Route of C3H8O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis, and characterization folate-conjugated photocleavable poly(4-substituted-ε-caprolactone) polymers for drug delivery was written by Fang, Jia-You;Lin, Yin-Ku;Wang, Shiu-Wei;Lee, Ren-Shen. And the article was included in International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials in 2020.Recommanded Product: 60463-12-9 This article mentions the following:

Photo-cleavable polymers containing 5-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzyl alc. (ONB) junction point between the target mol. of folic acid (FA) and the hydrophobic poly(4-substituted-ε-caprolactone) (PXCLn) chain were synthesized. FA -terminated ONB-PXCLn polymers formed micelles with critical micelle concentration (CMC) 1.2 – 64.3 mg L-1. Fluorescence emission spectroscopy indicated the release of Nile red encapsulated FA-ONB-PXCLn micelles in response to irradiation Light-triggered bursts released were observed for drug-loaded FA-ONB-PXCLn micelles. The nanoparticles exhibited nonsignificant toxicity at concentrations up to 300 μg mL-1. Flow cytometry revealed that the uptake of folate-targeted doxorubicin (DOX) -encapsulated micelles by HeLa cells was faster than that of free DOX. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Recommanded Product: 60463-12-9).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: 60463-12-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Efficient generation of β-L-rhamnosidic linkages by the 2-ulosyl donor approach: Synthesis of a trisaccharide with a central β-L-rhamnose unit was written by Lichtenthaler, Frieder W.;Metz, Thomas. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2003.SDS of cas: 10030-85-0 This article mentions the following:

Practical procedures for the production of variously blocked 6-deoxy-α-L-arabino-2-ketohexosyl bromides from L-rhamnose have been developed. These compounds are highly useful as indirect β-L-rhamnosyl donors: they undergo β-specific glycosidations under Koenigs-Knorr conditions, and the 2-keto group of the resulting 6-deoxy-β-L-hexosiduloses is reduced with high β-L-rhamno selectivity. The straightforward application of this 2-ulosyl donor approach for the synthesis of β-L-rhamnose-containing di- and trisaccharides is demonstrated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0SDS of cas: 10030-85-0).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.SDS of cas: 10030-85-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Radical hydroxymethylation of alkyl iodides using formaldehyde as a C1 synthon was written by Caiger, Lewis;Sinton, Conar;Constantin, Timothee;Douglas, James J.;Sheikh, Nadeem S.;Julia, Fabio;Leonori, Daniele. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2021.Recommanded Product: 142253-56-3 This article mentions the following:

Here, a strategy that couples alkyl iodide building blocks with formaldehyde through the use of photocatalysis and a phosphine additive was reported. Halogen-atom transfer (XAT) from α-aminoalkyl radicals was leveraged to convert the iodide into the corresponding open-shell species, while its following addition to formaldehyde was rendered irreversible by trapping the transient O-radical with PPh₃. This event delivered a phosphoranyl radical that re-generates the alkyl radical and provided the hydroxymethylated product. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3Recommanded Product: 142253-56-3).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: 142253-56-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

(R)-Carvone is a potential soil fumigant against Meloidogyne incognita whose likely enzymatic target in the nematode is acetylcholinesterase was written by Pacule, Horacio B.;Vanegas, Javier A. G.;Terra, Willian C.;Campos, Vicente P.;Oliveira, Denilson F.. And the article was included in Experimental Parasitology in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

To contribute to the development of new fumigant nematicides for the control of the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita, this study started with 31 volatile organic compounds reported as toxic to nematodes. At 500 μg/mL, α-ionone, (S)-carvone, (R)-carvone, 2-methylpropyl acetate, undecan-2-one, decan-2-one, and dodecan-2-one caused mortalities to M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2) that were similar to those obtained with the com. nematicides carbofuran (170 μg/mL) and fluensulfone (42.2 μg/mL). (R)-Carvone, with a lethal concentration to 50% J2 (LC₅₀) equal to 524 μg/mL, was selected for subsequent studies. When J2 were exposed to the (R)-carvone solution, the infectivity and reproduction on tomato were reduced. In the M. incognita egg hatching assay, (R)-carvone behaved like a true ovicide. When employed as a fumigant, (R)-carvone (3.9 g/L) was as efficient as the soil fumigant dazomet (0.245 g/L) in eliminating eggs of the nematode in a substrate to be used for tomato planting. According to in silico studies employing pharmacophoric searches and mol. docking, acetylcholinesterases are the target of (R)-carvone in the nematode. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A Microwave-Assisted SmI₂-Catalyzed Direct N-Alkylation of Anilines with Alcohols was written by Gour, Jitendra;Gatadi, Srikanth;Malasala, Satyaveni;Yaddanpudi, Madhavi Venkata;Nanduri, Srinivas. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2019.Safety of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

A new protocol for the alkylation of aromatic amines has been described using alcs. in the presence of SmI₂ as a catalyst with the generation of water as the sole byproduct. The reaction proceeds under MW conditions and selectively generates monoalkylated amines. This protocol features a broad substrate scope and good functional-group tolerance with moderate to high yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Safety of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Safety of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts