Month: December 2022

Chemical constituents of Gynostemma pentaphyllum was written by Lu, Ru-mei;Pan, Li-wei;Wei, Jian-hua;Zhong, Zhen-guo. And the article was included in Zhongcaoyao in 2014.Computed Properties of C6H14O6 This article mentions the following:

The chem. constituents of Gynostema pentaphyllum were studied. The chem. constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, polyamide, and Sephadex LH-20 chromatog. Their structures were elucidated by physicochem. properties and spectral anal. Seventeen compounds were isolated and identified as dodecanoic acid (1), β-sitosterol (2), 3,3′,5-trihydroxy-4′,7-dimethoxyflavone (3), 1-2-benzenediol (4), 3′-O-methyltaxifolin (5), quercetin (6), rhamnetin (7), α-spinasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid (9), narcissoside (10), L-rhamnosemonohydrate (11), malonic acid (12), β-ethoxy-rutinoside (13), rutin (14), ombuoside (15), ginsenoside Rb₁ (16), and β-daucosterol (17). Compound 1,3-5,7,9,10, and 12 are obtained from G. pentaphyllum for the first time. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0Computed Properties of C6H14O6).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Computed Properties of C6H14O6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Design of Selenium-Based Chiral Chemical Probes for Simultaneous Enantio- and Chemosensing of Chiral Carboxylic Acids with Remote Stereogenic Centers by NMR Spectroscopy was written by Shyshkanov, Sergey A.;Orlov, Nikolai V.. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2016.Computed Properties of C4H11NO This article mentions the following:

Selenium-based enantiopure chiral chem. probes have been designed in a modular way starting from available amino alcs. The probes developed were found to be efficient in chemoselective interaction with carboxylic functions of chiral substrates leading to diastereomeric amide formation and in sensing α-, β-, and remote (up to seven bonds away from the carboxylic group) chiral centers by using ⁷⁷Se NMR spectroscopy. As a result, it was possible to determine the enantiomeric ratio of structurally diverse individual chiral acids including polyfunctional compounds and drugs with high accuracy. An approach to analyzing the crude reaction mixtures has been successfully developed by using bifunctional selenium- and fluorine-containing chiral probes. More importantly, it was revealed that, based on the ⁷⁷Se NMR data obtained, it is possible to obtain primary information about the location and nature of the substituents at the chiral center (chemo- and enantiosensing), which can simplify the structural elucidation of complex compounds The derivatization procedure takes as little as 5 min and can be performed directly in an NMR tube followed by NMR measurements without any isolation and purification steps. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Computed Properties of C4H11NO).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Computed Properties of C4H11NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Van-mediated self-aggregating photothermal agents combined with multifunctional magnetic nickel oxide nanoparticles for precise elimination of bacterial infections was written by Du, Ting;Cao, Jiangli;Xiao, Zehui;Liu, Jiaqi;Wei, Lifei;Li, Chunqiao;Jiao, Jingbo;Song, Zhiyong;Liu, Jifeng;Du, Xinjun;Wang, Shuo. And the article was included in Journal of Nanobiotechnology in 2022.Formula: C4H10O3 This article mentions the following:

Building a novel and efficient photothermal antibacterial nanoplatform is a promising strategy for precise bacterial elimination. Herein, a nanocomposite NiO NPs@AuNPs@Van (NAV) for selective MRSA removal was constructed by electrostatic self-assembly of highly photothermal magnetic NiO NPs and vancomycin (Van)-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In the presence of MRSA and under NIR irradiation, Van-mediated AuNPs can self-aggregate on MRSA surface, generating photothermal effect in situ and killing 99.6% MRSA in conjunction with magnetic NiO NPs. Addnl., the photothermal efficiency can be improved by magnetic enrichment due to the excellent magnetism of NAV, thereby enhancing the bactericidal effect at a lower exptl. dose. In vitro antibacterial experiments and full-thickness skin wound healing test demonstrated that this combination therapy could effectively accelerate wound healing in MRSA-infected mice, increase collagen coverage, reduce IL-6 and TNF-α content, and upregulate VEGF expression. Biol. safety experiments confirmed that NAV has good biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro. Overall, this work reveals a new type of nanocomposite with enhanced photothermal antibacterial activity as a potential nano-antibacterial agent for treating bacteria-infected wounds. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Formula: C4H10O3).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Formula: C4H10O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Phosphonate-containing polystyrene copolymer-supported Ru catalyst for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation in water was written by Xu, Xiao;Wang, Rui;Wan, Jingwei;Ma, Xuebing;Peng, Jingdong. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2013.Name: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

A series of phosphonate-containing polystyrene polymers with chiral ligand (1R,2R)-(+)-N¹-toluenesulfonyl-1,2-diphenylethane-1,2-diamine were prepared by a radical copolymerization The supported ruthenium (Ru) catalysts displayed excellent catalytic performance (94-98% yield, 93.9-97.8% ee and 100% chemoselectivity) in an aqueous asym. transfer hydrogenation and the catalysts could be easily recycled by centrifugal separation The synthesis of the target compounds (catalysts) was achieved by a reaction of P-(1-phenylethenyl)phosphonic acid with monomers derived from (1R,2R)-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanediamine and benzenesulfonamide and glycine or β-alanine. The title compounds thus formed included a β-alaninamide polymer (I). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Name: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Name: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hybrid polymeric systems of mesoporous silica/hydroxyapatite nanoparticles applied as antitumor drug delivery platform was written by dos Apostolos, Rafaela C. R.;Andrade, Gracielle F.;da Silva, Wellington M.;de Assis Gomes, Dawidson;de Miranda, Marcelo C.;de Sousa, Edesia M. B.. And the article was included in International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology in 2019.Recommanded Product: 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

In this study, we report the production of a mesoporous silica/hydroxyapatite-based nanocomposite containing copper (Cu) functionalized with methacrylic acid (MAA), a pH-sensitive polymer. The functionalization of the nanoparticles surface was performed using the microwave method in order to anchor the crosslinking tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), onto the nanoparticles surface followed by MAA polymerization The materials were characterized by XRD, XRF spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, thermal anal., zeta potential, and elemental anal. Studies of the incorporation and release of the antitumor methotrexate drug were performed in order to evaluate the potential use of these drug carrier systems in cancer therapy. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the samples in fibroblast and SAOS-2 cells was investigated, and the activity of the adipose-derived stem cell alk. phosphatase on nanocomposites was studied by in vitro assays. The results indicate that the Cu-containing nanocomposites can be easily produced and that these compositions have beneficial effects in stem cells, maintaining cell viability, and allowing alk. phosphatase expression. In conclusion, data from this work show that the nanocomposites obtained have adequate characteristic to be used as drug delivery platform. Furthermore, the biomaterial is a promising structure for treatment of bone tumor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Recommanded Product: 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Histopathological evidence that diethylene glycol produces kidney and nervous system damage in rats was written by Jamison Courtney, N.;Cuevas-Ocampo Areli, K.;Flowers Ashley, B.;Nam Hyung, W.;Dayton Robert, D.;McKinney Mary, P.;Mitchell Hannah, G.;Fitzgerald Joseph, S.;Steib Mattie, E.;Toups Colton, R.;McMartin Kenneth, E.. And the article was included in NeuroToxicology in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) This article mentions the following:

Diethylene glycol (DEG) is an organic compound that has been found as an adulterant in consumer products as a counterfeit glycerin. Diethylene glycol is metabolized to two primary metabolites: 2-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid (2-HEAA) and diglycolic acid (DGA), the latter shown to accumulate in the kidney and cause dose-dependent cell necrosis. DEG poisonings are characterized predominately by acute kidney injury (AKI) but have also produced delayed neurol. sequelae such as sensorimotor neuropathy. To better understand these effects, Wistar-Han rats were orally administered a water control or doses of 4 g/kg-6 g/kg DEG every 12 or 24 h for 7 days, with kidney, brain, and spinal cord tissue collected for histopathol. anal. This dosing paradigm resulted in approx. 25% of the DEG-treated animals developing AKI and also neurotoxicity (sensorimotor dysfunction and elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein). Kidney pathol. included a severe, diffuse acute kidney tubular necrosis predominantly affecting proximal convoluted tubules. Scattered birefringent crystals consistent with calcium oxalate monohydrate were also found in the proximal tubule of animals with AKI. Demyelination in the dorsal and lateral white matter regions of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar areas of the spinal cord of a DEG-treated animal with AKI was documented, establishing the neuropathol. in DEG-treated animals that developed neurotoxicity. There were significant changes in amino acid concentrations in the CSF that may reflect the neurotoxicity of DEG, specifically glutamate and glutamine, but with no ammonia change. These studies characterized the pathol. aspects of the neurotoxicity in a DEG repeat-dose model. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Recommanded Product: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Recommanded Product: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fast microwave-promoted palladium-catalyzed synthesis of phthalides from bromobenzyl alcohols utilizing DMF and Mo(CO)₆ as carbon monoxide sources was written by Wu, Xiongyu;Mahalingam, A. K.;Wan, Yiqian;Alterman, Mathias. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2004.Recommanded Product: 60666-70-8 This article mentions the following:

A fast method utilizing in situ generated CO for the synthesis of phthalides was developed. DMF and Mo(CO)₆ were applied as two alternative CO-sources in these microwave promoted carbonylation-lactone formation reactions. Mo(CO)₆ was found to be the more generally applicable CO-source and provided phthalides as well as dihydroisocoumarin, 1-isoindolinone, and phthalimide from the corresponding aryl bromide via an efficient CO insertion within a 1 h reaction time. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 60666-70-8Recommanded Product: 60666-70-8).

(2-Bromo-5-chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 60666-70-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: 60666-70-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Comparative study on lignocellulose liquefaction in water, ethanol, and water/ethanol mixture: Roles of ethanol and water was written by Feng, Shanghuan;Wei, Rufei;Leitch, Mathew;Xu, Chunbao Charles. And the article was included in Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2018.Recommanded Product: 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

This study aimed to investigate the roles of ethanol and water in the water/ethanol mixed solvent in liquefaction of lignocellulose biomass. To this end, an organosolv lignin, cellulose, cellulose/lignin (50:50, weight/weight) mixture and an acetone extracted white birch bark (EWBB) were comparatively liquefied in pure water, water/ethanol mixture (50:50, volume/volume) and pure ethanol at fixed condition (300 °C and 15 min). It was demonstrated that biomass liquefaction efficiency in three reaction media with respect to the bi-crude yield followed the order of water/ethanol mixed solvent >> pure water > pure ethanol regardless of the feedstocks. Cellulose derived bio-crudes mainly contained esters, furfurals and furfurals derivatives, and carboxylic acid substantially existed in the bio-crude from cellulose liquefaction in water, while lignin derived bio-crude mainly contained aromatics, as expected. It was found that hot-compress water accelerated biomass depolymerization by hydrolyzing cellulose/hemi-cellulose, while on the other hand ethanol promoted lignin degradation by dissolving the de-polymerized lignin products and hence prevented the repolymn. of the reaction intermediates. In addition, the mixed ethanol-water solvent increased the permeation of the solvent into the lignocellulose biomass structure, and increased the solubility of liquefaction intermediates, hence contributing to a higher bio-crude yield in liquefaction of lignocellulose biomass. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Recommanded Product: 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Recommanded Product: 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis, characterization, and analysis of intermolecular interactions of isostructural diorganotin compounds containing enantiomeric 1,1-dithioligands was written by Segovia-Perez, Raul;Alvarado-Rodriguez, Jose G.;Andrade-Lopez, Noemi;Jancik, Vojtech;Cruz-Borbolla, Julian;Cortes-Llamas, Sara A.. And the article was included in Polyhedron in 2022.COA of Formula: C10H20O This article mentions the following:

The reaction of enantiomerically pure (+) and (-) menthol as well as (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)N-benzyl-1-phenylethylamine with carbon disulfide in presence of potassium hydroxide yielded, resp., chiral xanthate and dithiocarbamates as their potassium salts. These chiral 1,1-dithioligands were reacted with diphenyltin dihalides to produce four enantiomeric and isostructural pairs of diorganotin complexes of formula (+)-[SnPh₂{xan^MEN}Cl] (1), (-)-[SnPh₂{xan^MEN}Cl] (1^m), (+)-[SnPh₂{xan^MEN}Br] (2), (-)-[SnPh₂{xan^MEN}Br] (2^m), (+)-[SnPh₂{dtc^BPE}Cl] (3), (-)-[SnPh₂{dtc^BPE}Cl] (3^m), (+)-[SnPh₂{dtc^BPE}Br] (4), and (-)-[SnPh₂{dtc^BPE}Br] (4^m). The ¹¹⁹Sn{¹H} NMR data and the X-ray single-crystal diffraction studies of the eight heteroleptic compounds confirmed the anisobidentate pattern of the {R_nECS₂}^– (E = O, n = 1; E = N, n = 2) monoanionic ligand. The presence of halides and sulfur atoms enhanced the formation of C-H···X, S···H, S···S, and pi···H non-covalent interactions in the crystalline state. A Hirshfeld surface anal. was carried out to identify these significant intermol. contacts in the complexes. The less hindered tin atom in the xanthate complexes displayed a C:S···X-Sn interaction of attractive nature. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5COA of Formula: C10H20O).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.COA of Formula: C10H20O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

N,O- vs N,C-Chelation in Half-Sandwich Iridium Complexes: A Dramatic Effect on Enantioselectivity in Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones was written by Zhou, Gang;Aboo, Ahmed H.;Robertson, Craig M.;Liu, Ruixia;Li, Zhenhua;Luzyanin, Konstantin;Berry, Neil G.;Chen, Weiping;Xiao, Jianliang. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2018.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Cyclometalation of [Cp*IrCl₂]₂ with a nonracemic phenyldihydrooxazolecarboxylate in the presence of NaOAc yielded either the N,C-chelated Cp^*Ir(III) complex I or the N,O-chelated Cp^*(III) complex II in either the absence or presence of water. While derived from the same precursor, I and II yielded enantiomeric products in the asym. transfer hydrogenation reactions of aryl alkyl ketones by formic acid and isopropylamine with significantly different enantioselectivities; in the presence of I, acetophenone was hydrogenated to (R)-α-methylbenzyl alc. in 6% conversion over 3 h and in 4% ee, while in the presence of the N,O-chelated complex II, (S)-α-methylbenzyl alc. was generated in 23% conversion and 98% ee. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts