Synergistic effect of dietary inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum and berberine supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immune function of juvenile black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) was written by Sagada, Gladstone;Wang, Lei;Xu, Bingying;Tegomo, Fabrice Arnaud;Chen, Kai;Zheng, Lu;Sun, Yuxiao;Liu, Yuechong;Yang, Yifei;Ullah, Sami;Shao, Qingjun. And the article was included in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2022.Formula: C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:
The interactive effect of dietary inactivated Lactobacillus plantarum and berberine on black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii, was investigated with three diets designated as D1 (Con: basal diet), D2 (LP: basal diet + 400 mg/kg L. plantarum), and D3 (LPBB: basal diet + 400 mg/kg L. plantarum + 50 mg/kg berberine) and fed to juvenile black sea bream (5.67 ± 0.05 g) for 56 days. The growth performance and feed utilization parameters, as well as intestinal trypsin activity, were significantly improved in the LP and LPBB groups (P < 0.05). Fish fed the LPBB diet showed better serum and hepatic antioxidant capacity, while the LP group had better hepatic antioxidant capacity, than the control fish (P < 0.05). Intestinal IgM and C3 levels significantly increased in the LPBB fish than the rest of the groups (P < 0.05). NF-κB was significantly upregulated in the LP group (P < 0.05). Nrf2 and IL-10 were significantly upregulated, while Keap1b and NF-κB were significantly downregulated in the LPBB group (P < 0.05). These findings show that a combination of inactivated L. plantarum and berberine in the diet of black sea bream can improve the immune response and antioxidant capacity than a diet with only the inactivated probiotic, while both diets can equally improve growth performance. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Formula: C18H32CaN2O10).
Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Formula: C18H32CaN2O10
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts