Boyd, Anders published the artcileSerum tryptophan-derived quinolinate and indole-3-acetate are associated with carotid intima-media thickness and its evolution in hiv-infected treated adults, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is serum tryptophan quinolinate indole acetate carotid intima media thickness; HIV; antiretroviral; cardiovascular disease; carotid intima-media thickness; metabolomics; tryptophan metabolism.
Background. HIV-infected individuals undergoing effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) present an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We identified serum metabolites associated with carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) and its evolution. Methods. One hundred forty-three hydrophilic serum metabolites were measured by ultraperformance liquid chromatog. coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry in 49 HIV+ ART+, 48 HIV+ ART-naive and 50 HIV-neg., age-matched, never-smoking male triads. Metabolites differentially altered between groups (“”features””) were defined as having a Benjamini-Hochberg-adjusted P value <.05 from a t test and >0.25 log2 absolute mean fold change in metabolite levels. c-IMT was measured across 12 sites at inclusion in all individuals and at the carotid artery (cca) after a median of 5.1 years in 32 HIV+ ART+ individuals. The difference in c-IMT (cross-sectional anal.) and slope of cca-IMT regression/progression per yr (longitudinal anal.) for each log10 (area) increase in metabolite level were estimated with linear regression. Results. Compared with HIV-, metabolite features of HIV+ ART+ were increased N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine and decreased ferulate and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, whereas features of HIV+ ART-naive were increased malate, kynurenine, 2-oxoglutarate, and indole-3-acetate and decreased succinate and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan. In HIV+ ART+ individuals, quinolinate and/or indole-3-acetate were pos. associated with c-IMT (P < .03), cca-IMT (P < .03), and cca-IMT progression (P < .008). These associations were not observed in HIV+ ART-naive or HIV-neg. individuals. In HIV+ ART+ individuals, the metabolites xanthosine and uridine, from nucleotide metabolism, and g-butyrobetaine, from lysine/dietary choline degradation, were also pos. or neg. associated with c-IMT and/or cca-IMT (all P < .01), but not its evolution. Conclusions. In these highly selected HIV-pos. ART-controlled males, 2 novel metabolites derived from tryptophan catabolism, indole-3-acetate and quinolinate, were associated with c-IMT and its progression. Open Forum Infectious Diseases published new progress about Blood serum. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.
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