Month: December 2022

Valorisation of Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile L.) herb by comprehensive evaluation of hydrodistilled aroma and residual non-volatile fractions was written by Baranauskiene, Renata;Venskutonis, Petras Rimantas;Ragazinskiene, Ona. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2022.Quality Control of Oct-1-en-3-ol This article mentions the following:

Valorization of botanicals for the development of natural food-grade ingredients is an important task in terms of sustainability and processing waste reduction In this study, Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile L.) herb was collected at six different vegetation phases in the period 26 May – 23 August 2019 and subjected to biorefining into the several valuable fractions. The yield of hydro-distilled essential oil (EO) was in the range of 0.22% (intensive vegetative growth) to 0.80% (full flowering). Angelic, isobutyric, butyric and methacrylic acid esters and some monoterpene and sesquiterpene derivatives were the major EO constituents: 3-methylpentyl angelate (20.11-27.56%), methallyl angelate (7.28-10.33%), isoamyl angelate (5.57-9.02%), iso-Bu angelate (4.84-6.79%), 2-methylbutyl angelate (3.11-6.32%), 3-methylamyl methacrylate (5.04-6.17%), 3-methylpentyl isobutyrate (4.29-6.64%), 3-methylamyl isobutyrate (4.29-6.64%), α-pinene (1.61-6.37%) and pinocarvone (1.46-4.67%). In order to valorize water soluble and solid EO distillation residues their antioxidant potential was evaluated by several in vitro assays: water extracts were considerably stronger antioxidants than acetone extracts isolated from the solid residues. Water extracts of the plants collected at flowering phases were the strongest antioxidants; their TPC, FRAP and ORAC values were up to 143.2 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, 650, and 5601 μmol TE/g dry extract, resp., while effective concentrations (EC50) of DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging, were down to 0.59 and 0.49 mg/mL, resp. Among 7 tentatively identified by UPLC/Q-TOF/MS phenolic constituents the intensity of mol. ion of 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid was the largest. The results obtained may assist for developing flavorings, antioxidants and health beneficial preparations from C. nobile extracts In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Quality Control of Oct-1-en-3-ol).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Quality Control of Oct-1-en-3-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Novel pleconaril derivatives: Influence of substituents in the isoxazole and phenyl rings on the antiviral activity against enteroviruses was written by Egorova, Anna;Kazakova, Elena;Jahn, Birgit;Ekins, Sean;Makarov, Vadim;Schmidtke, Michaela. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.Computed Properties of C8H7NO This article mentions the following:

In the present study, a series of novel pleconaril derivatives with substitutions in the isoxazole and Ph rings I (R = ethoxycarbonyl, Ph, N-methylcarbamoyl, etc.; R¹ = H, Me, OMe; R² = H, Me, F, NO₂, etc.) was synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activity against a panel of pleconaril-sensitive and -resistant enteroviruses. Studies of the structure-activity relationship demonstrate the crucial role of the N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl group in the isoxazole ring for antiviral activity against pleconaril-resistant viruses. In addition, one or two substituents in the Ph ring directly impact on the spectrum of antienteroviral activity. The compound I (R = N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, R¹ = H, R² = Me) (A) was among the compounds exhibiting the strongest activity against pleconaril-resistant as well as pleconaril-susceptible enteroviruses with IC₅₀ values from 0.02 to 5.25 mM in this series. Compound (A) demonstrated markedly less CYP3A4 induction than pleconaril was non-mutagenic and bioavailable after intragastric administration in mice. These results highlight the compound (A) as a promising potential candidate and a broad spectrum enterovirus and rhinovirus inhibitor for further preclin. investigations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile (cas: 15777-70-5Computed Properties of C8H7NO).

4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile (cas: 15777-70-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Computed Properties of C8H7NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Direct Catalytic Olefination of Alcohols with Sulfones was written by Srimani, Dipankar;Leitus, Gregory;Ben-David, Yehoshoa;Milstein, David. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2014.SDS of cas: 1122-71-0 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of the target compounds (terminal, as well as internal olefins) was achieved by a one-step olefination of alcs. with sulfones catalyzed by a ruthenium pincer complex. Furthermore, performing the reaction with di-Me sulfone under mild hydrogen pressure provides a direct route for the replacement of alc. hydroxy groups by Me groups in one step. Under optimized conditions the synthesis of the target compounds was achieved using (carbonyl)chloro[6-[(diphenylphosphino-κP)methyl]-2,2′-bipyridine-κN¹,κN^1′](hydro)ruthenium as a catalyst (homogeneous catalyst, pincer complex). Starting materials included benzenemethanol derivatives (benzyl alc.), naphthalenemethanol, benzeneethanol, 1,1′-sulfonylbis[methane] (di-Me sulfone), [(phenylmethyl)sulfonyl]benzene, (ethylsulfonyl)benzene, (2E)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol, 6-methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (pyridine derivative) and similar compounds The title compounds thus formed included (ethenyl)benzene derivatives, (styrene manor products), 1-methoxy-4-[(1E)-2-phenylethenyl]benzene (stilbene), 4-[(1E)-2-phenylethenyl]-1,1-biphenyl (biaryl), (1E,3E)-(1,3-pentadienyl)benzene, 2-methyl-6-[(1E)-2-phenylethenyl]pyridine. (alkyl)arenes were formed in a direct reaction of alcs. with sulfone in the presence of hydrogen (gas). Products included 2-(ethyl)naphthalene, 4-ethyl-1,1′-biphenyl, 4-ethyl-1,2-dimethoxybenzene. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0SDS of cas: 1122-71-0).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.SDS of cas: 1122-71-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of Photocleavable Amphiphilic Block Copolymers: toward the Design of Photosensitive Nanocarriers was written by Cabane, Etienne;Malinova, Violeta;Meier, Wolfgang. And the article was included in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics in 2010.Synthetic Route of C7H7NO4 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of a novel amphiphilic block copolymer containing a photodegradable linker as a junction point between hydrophilic and hydrophobic chains is presented. PmCL-ONB-PAA block copolymers were synthesized via a combination of ROP and ATRP from a difunctional photoresponsive initiator (ONB). The copolymers are biodegradable and biocompatible, they can self-assemble into different structures, including micelles and vesicles which are photoresponsive. When polymer solutions were exposed to UV we observed significant changes in size and number of particles. We are currently investigating the promising potential of this system as photosensitive nanocarrier. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Synthetic Route of C7H7NO4).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Synthetic Route of C7H7NO4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Etherification via Aromatic Substitution on 1,3-Disubstituted Benzene Derivatives was written by Tsuzaki, Marina;Ando, Shin;Ishizuka, Tadao. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Computed Properties of C10H20O This article mentions the following:

A method for etherification via aromatic substitution at the ipso-position of an electron-withdrawing group (EWG) that exists at the meta-position of another EWG was developed. To heighten the reactivity of the substitution reaction, t-BuOK solution was added in THF to a mixture of an aromatic substrate, an alc. nucleophile and 18-crown-6-ether in DMF which proved to be a particularly effective sequence. Under the conditions established, aromatic substrates that were difficult to use for substitution reactions such as aryl fluorides were activated with either a bromide or a chloride substituent were aptly converted to corresponding ether products at 25 C. This reaction would potentially be useful to link an alc. to an addnl. functional group through further chem. transformations via the use of a residual bromide or chloride substituent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Computed Properties of C10H20O).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Computed Properties of C10H20O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

“Oxidizing” actions of alkalies. II. Aromatic hydroxy aldehydes was written by Lock, Gunther. And the article was included in Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft [Abteilung] B: Abhandlungen in 1929.HPLC of Formula: 60463-12-9 This article mentions the following:

Like o-HOC₆H₄CHO, the m-and p-compounds on fusion with KOH decompose almost quantitatively into H₂ and KOC₆H₄C0₂K, but while the o- and p-compounds begin to evolve H below 110°, the m-compound (I) begins to react only at about 190°, and moreover the yellow color which is produced when the aldehyde is mixed with the powd. KOH gradually disappears without any external heating. The cause of these phenomena is that I undergoes the Cannizzaro reaction with solid KOH or its solution at room temperature and at 190° the KOH further reacts with the m-HOC₆H₄CH₂OH resulting from the disproportionation. The gradual disappearance of the yellow color at room temperature marks the 1st reaction, the yellow phenolate changing into the colorless salts of HOC₆H₄CO₂H and HOC₆H₄CH₂0H. The old rule that a phenolic HO group prevents the disproportionation into alc. and acid holds, therefore, only when the HO group is in the o- or p-position to the CHO group. With aqueous KOH I reacts at room temperature without evolution of gas and gives more than 90% of the acid and alc. In parallel experiments with I and KOH on the 1 hand and the alc. and KOH on the other, to determine whether a Cannizzaro reaction precedes the evolution of H, the evolution of H in both cases began at 190°, showing that it is produced from the alc. The 6-Br derivative of I reacts visibly more sluggishly with 50% KOH; the mixt must be slightly warmed but the end result is the same as with I itself. The 4- and 6-NO₂ derivatives likewise do not undergo the Cannizzaro reaction as readily as I, giving 38-9 and 70%, resp., of the corresponding alc. The 4-nitro-3-hydroxybenzyl alc. (II) so obtained m. 97° but depresses about 30° the m. p. of the 3,4-isomer, likewise m. 97°, obtained by Stoermer by introducing the CH₂OH group into o-O₂NC₆H₄OH. There are conflicting data in the literature as to whether or not p-HOC₆H₄CHO (III) changes into the alc, and acid with alkalies at room temperature; L. finds that it undergoes no change when allowed to stand 5 weeks, protected from the air in excess of 50% KOH; on fusion it begins to evolve H at about 110° while the alc. does not react below l65° 3,4-(HO)₂C₄H₃CHO (IV) behaves quite like III both on fusion with KOH and with 50% KOH at room temperature Since the p-HO group in IV prevents the Cannizzaro reaction, its 2 Me ethers, vanillin (V) and isovanillin (VI) should, and as a matter of fact do, behave differently. V is unchanged at room temperature but on fusion evolves H at 110° and gives a mixture of 3,4-(HO)₂C₆H₃C0₂H and about 24% 4,3-HO(MeO)C₆H₃CO₂H after 3 hrs. at 150-210°, while VI is converted into the alc, and acid and does not evolve H below about 190°. 6-Bromo-3-hydroxybenzyl alc. (yield, 70%), m. 142°, has a burning taste and causes sneezing, gives a blue-violet color with aqueous FeCl₃, a yellowish color with alkalies, a flocculent precipitate with Br water, does not react with NH₃-AgNO₃, dissolves in concentrated H₂S0₄ without color. 6-Nitro compound, m. 120.5°, forms a yellow aqueous solution turned intensely yellow by alkalies, gives a red-violet color with FeCl₃, forms an intensely S-yellow salt with basic Pb acetate, does not react with NH₃-AgN0₃, dissolves in concentrated H₂S0₄ with yellow color. II is cream-yellow while Stoemer’s compound is green-yellow; otherwise the 2 isomers greatly resemble each other; both form green-yellow aqueous solutions, give no characteristic color with FeCl₃, form red-yellow solutions with aqueous alkalies, do not react with NH₃-AgN0₃ even on boiling, form almost colorless precipitates with Br water; with concentrated H₂SO₄ II forms a deep red solution and with aqueous Pb(OAc)₂ yields a cinnabar-red precipitate while the S. compound dissolves in H₂S0₄ with yellow color and forms a reddish yellow Pb salt. Isovanillyl alc. (yield, 80%), m. 132°, gives a green color with FeCl₃, dissolves in H₂S0₄ with Bordeaux-red color. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9HPLC of Formula: 60463-12-9).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.HPLC of Formula: 60463-12-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The effects of microbial inoculation and intercropping on yield and active ingredients of savory (Satureja hortensis L.) intercropped with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was written by Namazi, Y.;Rezaei-Chiyaneh, E.;Siavash Moghaddam, Sina;Leonardo Battaglia, Martin. And the article was included in International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology in 2022.Electric Literature of C10H14O This article mentions the following:

The study was aimed to investigate the effects of bacterial fertilizer (BF) application and planting patterns on quant. and qual. yield of savory intercropped with common bean. An experiment was performed using a factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The factors included microbial inoculation (mix of nitrogen-fixing + phosphate-solubilizing + potassium-solubilizing bacteria and non-inoculation), and planting patterns [one row of savory + one row of common bean (1S:1CB), two rows of common bean + two rows of savory (2S:2CB), two rows of savory + one row of common bean (2S:1CB), one row of savory + two rows of common bean (1S:2CB), as well as the pure culture of both plants]. The results showed that the seed yield of common bean and dry matter yield of savory was recorded in pure culture conditions treated with BF. The 2CB:2S intercropping pattern with BF fertilization produced the highest essential oil (EO) content of savory (1.96%). In addition, the application of BF enhanced the EO yield of savory by 35% compared to control. The major constituents of savory EO were carvacrol, γ-terpinene, α-terpinene, p-cymene, and β-myrcene. The 2CB:1S intercropping pattern with BF fertilization produced the maximum content of carvacrol and p-cymene. The maximum content of phenolic compounds including rosmarinic acid, coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, and apigenin was recorded in the intercropping pattern of 2CB:2S treated with BF. Overall, intercropping pattern of 2CB:2S treated with BF could be recommended to farmers as eco-friendly strategies to improve EO quality and quantity as well as phenolic compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Electric Literature of C10H14O).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Electric Literature of C10H14O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Copper-catalyzed stereoselective aminoboration of bicyclic alkenes was written by Sakae, Ryosuke;Hirano, Koji;Satoh, Tetsuya;Miura, Masahiro. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2015.Synthetic Route of C16H20B2N2O2 This article mentions the following:

A copper-catalyzed aminoboration of bicyclic alkenes, including oxa- and azabenzonorbornadienes, gives exo-2-aminoboronates as a result of three-component addition of diboronate and O-acylhydroxylamine to the endocyclic double bond. With this method, amine and boron moieties are simultaneously introduced at an olefin with exo selectivity. Subsequent stereospecific transformations of the boryl group can provide oxygen- and nitrogen-rich cyclic mols. with motifs that may be found in natural products or pharmaceutically active compounds Moreover, a catalytic asym. variant of this transformation was realized by using a copper complex with a chiral bisphosphine ligand, namely (R,R)-Ph-BPE. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Synthetic Route of C16H20B2N2O2).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Synthetic Route of C16H20B2N2O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Reusable Co-nanoparticles for general and selective N-alkylation of amines and ammonia with alcohols was written by Ma, Zhuang;Zhou, Bei;Li, Xinmin;Kadam, Ravishankar G.;Gawande, Manoj B.;Petr, Martin;Zboril, Radek;Beller, Matthias;Jagadeesh, Rajenahally V.. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2022.Synthetic Route of C7H5F3O This article mentions the following:

A general cobalt-catalyzed N-alkylation of amines with alcs. by borrowing hydrogen methodol. to afford alkylated amines I [R = Pr-n, cyclohexyl, Ph, etc.; R¹ = Ph, 4-MeC₆H₄, 4-FC₆H₄, etc.] was reported. The optimal catalyst for this transformation was prepared by pyrolysis of a specific templated material, which was generated in situ by mixing cobalt salts, nitrogen ligands and colloidal silica and subsequent removal of silica. Applying this novel Co-nanoparticle-based material, >100 primary, secondary and tertiary amines including N-methylamines and selected drug mols. were conveniently prepared starting from inexpensive and easily accessible alcs. and amines or ammonia. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3,4,5-Trifluorophenyl)methanol (cas: 220227-37-2Synthetic Route of C7H5F3O).

(3,4,5-Trifluorophenyl)methanol (cas: 220227-37-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Synthetic Route of C7H5F3O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Development of a genome-targeting mutator for the adaptive evolution of microbial cells was written by Eom, Ga-eul;Lee, Hyunbin;Kim, Seokhee. And the article was included in Nucleic Acids Research in 2022.Electric Literature of C4H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Methods that can randomly introduce mutations in the microbial genome have been used for classical genetic screening and, more recently, the evolutionary engineering of microbial cells. However, most methods rely on either cell-damaging agents or disruptive mutations of genes that are involved in accurate DNA replication, of which the latter requires prior knowledge of gene functions, and thus, is not easily transferable to other species. In this study, we developed a new mutator for in vivo mutagenesis that can directly modify the genomic DNA. Mutator protein, MutaEco, in which a DNA-modifying enzyme is fused to the α-subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, increases the mutation rate without compromising the cell viability and accelerates the adaptive evolution of E. coli for stress tolerance and utilization of unconventional carbon sources. This fusion strategy is expected to accommodate diverse DNA-modifying enzymes and may be easily adapted to various bacterial species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Electric Literature of C4H10O4).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Electric Literature of C4H10O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts