Shiga Toxin Induces Lipid Compression: A Mechanism for Generating Membrane Curvature was written by Watkins, Erik B.;Majewski, Jaroslaw;Chi, Eva Y.;Gao, Haifei;Florent, Jean-Claude;Johannes, Ludger. And the article was included in Nano Letters in 2019.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Biomembranes are hard to compress laterally, and membrane area compressibility has not been associated with biol. processes. Using x-ray surface scattering, the authors observed that bacterial Shiga toxin compresses lipid packing in a gel phase monolayer upon binding to its cellular receptor, the glycolipid Gb3. This toxin-induced reorganization of lipid packing reached beyond the immediate membrane patch that the protein was bound to, and linkers separating the Gb3 carbohydrate and ceramide moieties modulated the toxin’s capacity to compress the membrane. Within a natural membrane, asym. compression of the toxin-bound leaflet could provide a mechanism to initiate narrow membrane bending, as observed upon toxin entry into cells. Such lipid compression and long-range membrane reorganization by glycolipid-binding proteins represent novel concepts in membrane biol. that have direct implications for the construction of endocytic pits in clathrin-independent endocytosis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).
(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts