Formation and nature of non-extractable residues of emerging organic contaminants in humic acids catalyzed by laccase was written by Zhou, Yue;Sun, Feifei;Wu, Xuan;Cao, Siqi;Guo, Xiaoran;Wang, Qilin;Wang, Yongfeng;Ji, Rong. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Synthetic Route of C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Formation of non-extractable residues (NERs) is the major fate of most environmental organic contaminants in soil, however, there is no direct evidence yet to support the assumed phys. entrapment of NERs (i.e., type I NERs) inside soil humic substances. Here, we used 14C-radiotracer and silylation techniques to analyze NERs of six emerging and traditional organic contaminants formed in a suspension of humic acids (HA) under catalysis of the oxidative enzyme laccase. Laccase induced formation of both type I and covalently bound NERs (i.e., type II NERs) of bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and tetrabromobisphenol A to a large extent, and of bisphenol S (BPS) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) to a less extent, while no induction for phenanthrene. The type I NERs were formed supposedly owing to laccase-induced alteration of primary (active groups) and secondary (conformation) structure of humic supramols., contributing surprisingly to large extents (23.5%-65.7%) to the total NERs, particularly for BPS and SMX, which both were otherwise not transformed by laccase catalysis. Electron-withdrawing sulfonyl group and bromine substitution significantly decreased amount and kinetics of NER formation, resp. This study provides the first direct evidence for the formation of type I NERs in humic substances and implies a “Trojan horse” effect of such NERs in the environment. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Synthetic Route of C13H12O2).
4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Synthetic Route of C13H12O2
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts