High throughput screening of bisphenols and their mixtures under conditions of low-intensity adipogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was written by Norgren, Kalle;Tuck, Astrud;Vieira Silva, Antero;Burkhardt, Paula;Oeberg, Mattias;Munic Kos, Vesna. And the article was included in Food and Chemical Toxicology in 2022.Synthetic Route of C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
In vitro models of adipogenesis are phenotypic assays that most closely mimic the increase of adipose tissue in obesity. Current models, however, often lack throughput and sensitivity and even report conflicting data regarding adipogenic potencies of many chems. Here, we describe a ten-day long adipogenesis model using high content anal. readouts for adipocyte number, size, and lipid content on primary human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) sensitive enough to compare bisphenol A derivatives quant. in a robust and high throughput manner. The number of adipocytes was the most sensitive endpoint capable of detecting changes of 20% and was used to develop a benchmark concentration model (BMC) to quant. compare eight bisphenols (tested at 0.1-100μM). The model was applied to evaluate mixtures of bisphenols obtaining the first exptl. evidence of their additive effect on human MSC adipogenesis. Using the relative potency factors (RPFs), we show how a mixture of bisphenols at their sub-active concentrations induces a significant adipogenic effect due to its additive nature. The final active concentrations of bisphenols in tested mixtures reached below 1μM, which is within the concentration range observed in humans. These results point to the need to consider the toxicity of chem. mixtures This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Synthetic Route of C13H12O2).
4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Synthetic Route of C13H12O2
Referemce:
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