Long-term exposure to bisphenol A and its analogues alters the behavior of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) and causes hepatic injury was written by Li, Xueyou;Liu, Yue;Chen, Yuebi;Song, Xinlin;Chen, Xiaotian;Zhang, Ning;Li, Huichen;Guo, Yusong;Wang, Zhongduo;Dong, Zhongdian. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Related Products of 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Bisphenols (BPA, BPF, and BPAF) are widely present in the aquatic environment and have various adverse effects on aquatic organisms. However, their hepatic toxicity in marine fish is not fully understood. Hence, we examined the growth parameters, histol. features, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and gene expression profiles in the livers of marine medaka after exposure to single and combined bisphenols for 70 days. The final body weight and final body length of males exposed to BPAF were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the survival rate was significantly lower. Bisphenol exposure led to vacuolization and local lesions in the liver, especially in the BPAF group, and altered antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver, leading to oxidative stress. In addition, after bisphenol exposure, marine medaka showed anxiolytic effects and a significant reduction in swimming distance compared with that in the control group. As determined by RNA-seq, bisphenol exposure altered multiple biol. pathways in the liver, such as fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and ribosome biogenesis pathways, with significant changes in gene expression levels. In particular, chgs and vtgs were significantly up-regulated after BPAF exposure, suggesting an estrogenic effect. Overall, bisphenols can adversely affect the growth and metabolism of marine medaka. BPF and BPAF may not be ideal substitutes for BPA. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Related Products of 620-92-8).
4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Related Products of 620-92-8
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts