Toxicity and behavioral response of zebrafish exposed to combined microplastic and bisphenol analogues was written by Mu, Xiyan;Qi, Suzhen;Liu, Jia;Yuan, Lilai;Huang, Ying;Xue, Jiaying;Qian, Le;Wang, Chengju;Li, Yingren. And the article was included in Environmental Chemistry Letters in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Microplastics and bisphenol analogs are emerging environmental pollutants widely occurring in freshwaters. Harmful effects of microplastics and bisphenols have been studied individually, yet there is few knowledge on their combined effect. Here, we conducted acute toxicity tests using embryonic and larval zebrafish to assess the combined lethality after co-exposure of bisphenol A or F and 0.5- and 25-μm polystyrene microplastic particles. We monitored the accumulation of microplastics in zebrafish. We also studied the impact on the behavior of larval zebrafish. Results show that co-exposure of bisphenols and polystyrene microplastics increased lethality of larvae by 6.8-51% for bisphenol F and by 6.7-30.1% for bisphenol A. However, the bisphenol lethality toward embryos remains unchanged in the presence of microplastics. Fluorescence anal. shows that 0.5- and 25-μm microplastics accumulate in the larvae gastrointestinal area in a dose-dependent pattern, but did not concentrate in the embryo. Overall, co-exposure of polystyrene microplastics and bisphenol analogs displayed stronger behavioral effects, e.g. reduced moving distance and activity, toward zebrafish larvae, compared with single pollutant exposure. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol).
4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts