The influence of steroidal and triterpenoid saponins on monolayer models of the outer leaflets of human erythrocytes, E. coli and S. cerevisiae cell membranes was written by Orczyk, M.;Wojciechowski, K.;Brezesinski, G.. And the article was included in Journal of Colloid and Interface Science in 2020.Reference of 923-61-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
The present paper discusses the use of monolayers of lipid mixtures mimicking the composition of biol. membranes of bacteria, erythrocyte and yeast in the context of the antibacterial, hemolytic and antifungal activity of saponins. Saponins are plant-produced glycosidic biosurfactants with either steroidal or triterpenoidal aglycon. The authors used digitonin as a representative steroidal saponin (extracted from Digitalis purpurea) and a mixture of triterpenoid saponins from Quillaja saponaria Molina. The effect of saponins was studied first on monolayers consisting of single lipids characteristic for the given type of biol. membrane, and then – on model mixed lipid monolayers. Finally, the monolayers were formed from total lipid extracts of natural cell membranes (E. coli and S. cerevisiae) to verify the results obtained in the simplified models. The effect of saponins on monolayers was studied by a combination of surface pressure relaxation, IR reflection – absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and fluorescence microscopy. In line with expectations, sterols (cholesterol and ergosterol) play a major role in the saponin-lipid interactions in monolayers, which may explain especially the hemolytic and antifungal properties of saponins. In contrast, bacterial membranes are devoid of sterols, although the presence of similar compounds may be responsible for their affinity to saponins. Nevertheless, the effect of saponins on bacterial models is less pronounced than for the erythrocyte or fungal ones. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Reference of 923-61-5).
(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Reference of 923-61-5
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts