Sex-specific changes in oxidative stress parameters and longevity produced by Bisphenol F and S compared to Bisphenol A in Drosophila melanogaster was written by Musachio, Elize Aparecida Santos;Poetini, Marcia Rosula;Janner, Dieniffer Espinosa;Meichtry, Luana Barreto;Poleto, Ketnne Hanna;Fernandes, Eliana Jardim;Guerra, Gustavo Petri;Prigol, Marina. And the article was included in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology in 2022.COA of Formula: C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Female and male Drosophila melanogaster were exposed sep. for seven days to Bisphenol A (BPA), Bisphenol F (BPF), and Bisphenol S (BPS) at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mM. We observed that males exposed to 0.5 and 1 mM BPS showed lower catalase (CAT) activity and higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive species (RS); CAT activity decreased for BPF 0.5 and 1 mM. Nevertheless, BPA 0.5 and 1 mM decreased CAT activity, increased RS and lipid peroxidation (LPO), and reduced mitochondrial viability. None of the bisphenols altered the cell viability of male flies, although BPA 0.5 and 1 mM reduced longevity. In female flies, BPA and BPS 0.5 and 1 mM increased RS and LPO levels and decreased CAT activity and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), which may have contributed to lower mitochondrial and cell viability. Furthermore, BPS decreased SOD activity at the 1 mM concentration, and BPA reduced the SOD activity at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mM. In the BPF 1 mM group, there was a reduction in GST activity and an increase in RS and LPO levels. The toxicol. effects were different between sexes, and BPA was more harmful than BPF and BPS in male flies. Thus, our findings showed that females were more susceptible to oxidative cell damage when exposed to BPA and BPS than to BPF, and daily exposure to BPA and BPS at all concentrations reduced female longevity, as well as in BPF 1 mM. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8COA of Formula: C13H12O2).
4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.COA of Formula: C13H12O2
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts