Liquefied wheat straw as phenols for bio-based phenolic resins: Reaction parameters optimization and chemical routes was written by Jiang, Xiuming;Li, Peilong;Ding, Zhan;Li, Huifeng;Bing, Hui;Zhang, Linqing. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2022.Quality Control of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:
The value-added conversion of biomass materials is accepted as a promising approach to alleviate the energy crisis and promote green chem. This work aims to investigate the conversion process and chem. routes from liquefied wheat straw (LWS) to bio-based phenolic resins (BPFRs) and their potential opportunity as an alternative to petroleum-based asphalt binders. Response surface methodol. (RSM) was introduced for the optimization of synthesis conditions, while the Fourier transform IR (FTIR), NMR (NMR) and SEM were used to explore the chem. reactions during the conversion process and the morphol. characteristics of resins. The feasibility of BPFRs application in asphalt binders was investigated based on rheol. tests. The results demonstrate that the LWS is rich in phenolic compounds with reactive sites in para or ortho positions, which can replace petroleum-based phenol in the reaction with formaldehyde. Further, the produced intermediates, methylolphenols and bisphenol F, are subject to the condensation reaction to form BPFR mols. with about five phenolic nuclei. The connection between phenolic nuclei is dominated by para-methylene bridges (about 70%). The synthesis is suggested to be carried out at a molar ratio of phenol-to-formaldehyde of 0.75 without addnl. sulfuric acid, and the preferred polymerization temperature and time are 95°C and 120 min. It should be noted that the reactivity of LWS is lower than that of petroleum-based phenol and may be accompanied by self-curing effects. Noticeable folds are observed on the surface of BPFRs. Encouragingly, acceptable compatibility and rutting resistance in the BPFR-asphalt system are identified. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Quality Control of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol).
4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts