Quantification of differential tissue biomarker responses to microplastic ingestion and plasticizer bioaccumulation in aquaculture reared sea bream Sparus aurata was written by Capo, Xavier;Alomar, Carme;Compa, Monserrat;Sole, Montserrat;Sanahuja, Ignasi;Soliz Rojas, Dulce Lucy;Gonzalez, Gema Paniagua;Garcinuno Martinez, Rosa Maria;Deudero, Salud. And the article was included in Environmental Research in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Marine aquaculture is considered a potential source of microplastics (MPs). MPs can induce oxidative stress and damage in marine species. In this study we evaluated the impact of MPs intake in the com. fish, Sparus aurata, from aquaculture facilities and the antioxidant response associated to this MPs ingestion in caged specimens for 120 days. Sampling was carried out at the beginning of the study (T0), at 60 days (T60) and at 120 days (T120). At each sampling stage, gastrointestinal tract, blood, plasma, liver and muscle samples were obtained to analyze MPs intake (gastrointestinal tract), oxidative stress markers (blood, plasma and liver) and plasticizers bioaccumulation (muscle). Fish sampled at T60 presented the highest MPs intake and plasticizers accumulated in muscle over time, but with a different pattern according to type: bisphenols and phthalates. This indicates MPs ingestion induces a differential tissue response in S. aurata. Similarly, stress biomarkers presented a differential response throughout the study, depending on the analyzed tissue. In the case of oxidative damage markers, for malondialdehyde (MDA) an increase throughout the study was observed both in liver and blood cells but with a progressive decrease in plasma. In the case of phase I detoxifying enzyme activities in liver, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), 7-benzyloxy-4-[trifluoromethyl]-coumarin-O-debenzyloxylase (BFCOD) and carboxylesterases (CE), showed a comparable decrease at T60 with a slight recovery at T120. In contrast, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was significantly enhanced at T60 compared to the other sampling stages. In conclusion, MPs ingestion occurs in aquaculture reared seabream where potentially associated plasticizers accumulate in the muscle and both could be responsible for plasma and liver oxidative stress damage and alterations on detoxifying biomarkers responses. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8HPLC of Formula: 620-92-8).
4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.HPLC of Formula: 620-92-8
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts