On April 11, 2007, Smith, P. Griffin Jr.; Dhanuka, Varun V.; Hwang, Ha S.; Lim, Kwon Taek; Johnston, Keith P. published an article.Application of 2160-93-2 The title of the article was Tertiary Amine Esters for Carbon Dioxide Based Emulsions. And the article contained the following:
Tertiary amine esters, a new class of surfactants for CO2-based dispersions, stabilize carbon dioxide in water macroemulsions for several hours even at a CO2 d. as low as 0.74 g/mL (70 bar) at 298 K. The combination of a weakly hydrophilic tertiary amine, which is protonated by carbonic acid, and branched ester tails provides proper values of the hydrophilic-CO2-philic balance (HCB) for emulsion stabilization. The surfactant nitrilotripropane-1,2-diyl tripivalate (tBu-TIA) lowered the CO2-water interfacial tension to 2.6 mN/m as a result of the stubby architecture (low aspect ratio) of the surfactant tail, which helps block contact between water and carbon dioxide. The high level of methylation produces a smaller interfacial tension and greater emulsion stability relative to nitrilotripropane-1,2-diyl triacetate (TIA). Relative to the high-pressure CO2-water system with a pH 3.3, an increase in pH with the addition of NaOH decreases interfacial activity and reduces emulsion stability, as the surfactant is deprotonated. The adsorption isotherm shows a high interfacial area per surfactant mol. (400 Å2) as a result of the stubby structure of the surfactant. The extremely low aspect ratio of this surfactant compared to other hydrocarbon surfactants shields water from CO2 at the interface, resulting in a lower interfacial tension, and minimizes interactions between surfactant tail groups. These factors make these low-mol.-weight amine esters desirable for tunable CO2-in-water emulsions, as a replacement for more widely used fluorinated surfactants. The facile synthesis of a variety of tertiary amine esters makes this class of surfactants attractive for developing structure-property relationships. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,2′-(tert-Butylazanediyl)diethanol(cas: 2160-93-2).Application of 2160-93-2
The Article related to tertiary amine surfactant carbon dioxide dispersion stabilization interfacial activity, Surface Active Agents and Detergents: Preparation, Analysis, and Properties Of Surfactants Other Than Soaps and other aspects.Application of 2160-93-2
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