Month: October 2022

Cano, Rafael;Perez, Juana M.;Ramon, Diego J. published 《Osmium impregnated on magnetite as a heterogeneous catalyst for the syn-dihydroxylation of alkenes》. The research results were published in《Applied Catalysis, A: General》 in 2014.Recommanded Product: rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol The article conveys some information:

A new catalyst derived from osmium has been prepared, fully characterized and tested in the dihydroxylation of alkenes. The catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation methodol. of OsCl₃·3H₂O on a com. micro-magnetite surface. The catalyst allowed the reaction with one of the lowest osmium loadings for a heterogeneous catalyst and was selective for the monodihydroxylation of 1,5-dienes. Moreover, the catalyst was easily removed from the reaction medium by the simple use of a magnet. The selectivity of catalyst is very high with conversions up to 99%. Preliminary kinetics studies showed a first-order reaction rate with respect to the catalyst. To complete the study, the researchers used rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol (cas: 579-43-1) .

Desymmetrization of rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol(cas:579-43-1 Recommanded Product: rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol) using chiral phosphine catalyst has been reported. Conversion of meso-hydrobenzoin to trans-stillbene oxide by treatment with an aryl sulfonyl chloride and aqueous sodium hydroxide has been reported.

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Liu, Fang;Jin, Panpan;Gong, Hansheng;Sun, Zhilan;Du, Lihui;Wang, Daoying published 《Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of thyme oil against foodborne multiple antibiotics-resistant Enterococcus faecalis》. The research results were published in《Poultry Science》 in 2020.Application of 2425-77-6 The article conveys some information:

The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of thyme oil against the foodborne multiple antibiotics-resistant Enterococcus faecalis biofilm were evaluated in this study. Gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry revealed that more than 70% of the composition of thyme oil is thymol. Crystal violet staining assay showed that 128 and 256μg/mL thyme oil significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of E. faecalis. The cell adherence of E. faecalis, as shown by its swimming and swarming motilities, was reduced by thyme oil. The exopolysaccharide (EPS) quantification assay showed that thyme oil inhibited the EPS synthesis in E. faecalis biofilms. The 3D-view observations through confocal laser scanning and SEM suggested that cell adherence and biofilm thickness were decreased in thyme oil-treated biofilms. Quant. real-time analyses showed that the transcription of ebp and epa gene clusters, which were related to cell mobility and EPS production, was inhibited by thyme oil. Thus, thyme oil effectively inhibited the biofilm formation of E. faecalis by affecting cell adherence and EPS synthesis. Furthermore, 2,048 and 4,096μg/mL thyme oil can effectively inactivate E. faecalis population in the mature E. faecalis biofilms by 5.75 and 7.20 log CFU/mL, resp., after 30 min of treatment. Thus, thyme oil at different concentrations can be used as an effective antibiofilm or germicidal agent to control E. faecalis biofilms.2-Hexyl-1-decanol (cas: 2425-77-6) were involved in the experimental procedure.

2-Hexyl-1-decanol(cas: 2425-77-6) may be employed as an organic solvent to study the extraction of non-polar acidic drugs from human plasma by parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction (PALME). Application of 2425-77-6

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Kawashima, Yukio;Onishi, Yuta;Tatarazako, Norihisa;Yamamoto, Hirotaka;Koshio, Masaaki;Oka, Tomohiro;Horie, Yoshifumi;Watanabe, Haruna;Nakamoto, Takashi;Yamamoto, Jun;Ishikawa, Hidenori;Sato, Tomomi;Yamazaki, Kunihiko;Iguchi, Taisen published 《Summary of 17 chemicals evaluated by OECD TG229 using Japanese Medaka, Oryzias latipes in EXTEND 2016》 in 2022. The article was appeared in 《Journal of Applied Toxicology》. They have made some progress in their research.Computed Properties of C14H22O The article mentions the following:

In June 2016, the Ministry of the Environment of Japan announced a program ”EXTEND2016” on the implementation of testing and assessment for endocrine active chems., consisting of a two-tiered strategy. The aim of the Tier 1 screening and the Tier 2 testing is to identify the impacts on the endocrine system and to characterize the adverse effects to aquatic animals by endocrine disrupting chems. detected in the aquatic environment in Japan. For the consistent assessment of the effects on reproduction associated with estrogenic, anti-estrogenic, androgenic, and/or anti-androgenic activities of chems. throughout Tier 1 screening to Tier 2 testing, a unified test species, Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), has been used. For Tier 1 screening, the in vivo Fish Short-Term Reproduction Assay (OECD test guideline Number 229) was conducted for 17 chems. that were nominated based on the results of environmental monitoring, existing knowledge obtained from a literature survey, and pos. results in reporter gene assays using the estrogen receptor of Japanese medaka. In the 17 assays using Japanese medaka, adverse effects on reproduction (i.e., reduction in fecundity and/or fertility) were suggested for 10 chems., and a significant increase of hepatic vitellogenin in males, indicating estrogenic (estrogen receptor agonistic) potency, was found for eight chems. at the concentrations in which no overt toxicity was observed Based on these results, and the frequency and the concentrations detected in the Japanese environment, estrone, 4-nonylphenol (branched isomers), 4-tert-octylphenol, tri-Ph phosphate, and bisphenol A were considered as high priority candidate substances for the Tier 2 testing. And 4-tert-Octylphenol (cas: 140-66-9) was used in the research process.

4-tert-Octylphenol(cas: 140-66-9) is a common environmental pollutant showing weak estrogenic effects.Computed Properties of C14H22O It has been shown to cause harm to vertebrate male reproductive systems.

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Formula: C14H14O2In 2020, Murayama, Hiroaki;Heike, Yoshito;Higashida, Kosuke;Shimizu, Yohei;Yodsin, Nuttapon;Wongnongwa, Yutthana;Jungsuttiwong, Siriporn;Mori, Seiji;Sawamura, Masaya published 《Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones Controlled by Alcohol Hydrogen-Bonding and sp³-C-H Noncovalent Interactions》. 《Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Iridium-catalyzed enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of ketones with formic acid was developed using a prolinol-phosphine chiral ligand. Cooperative action of the iridium atom and the ligand through alc.-alkoxide interconversion was crucial to facilitate the transfer hydrogenation. Various ketones including alkyl aryl ketones, ketoesters, and an aryl heteroaryl ketone were competent substrates. An attractive feature of this catalysis was efficient discrimination between the alkyl and aryl substituents of the ketones, promoting hydrogenation with the identical sense of enantioselection regardless of steric demand of the alkyl substituent and thus resulting in a rare case of highly enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of tert-alkyl aryl ketones. Quantum chem. calculations revealed that the sp³-C-H/π interaction between an sp³-C-H bond of the prolinol-phosphine ligand and the aryl substituent of the ketone was crucial for the enantioselection in combination with O-H···O/sp³-C-H···O two-point hydrogen-bonding between the chiral ligand and carbonyl group.rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol (cas: 579-43-1) were involved in the experimental procedure.

Desymmetrization of rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol(cas:579-43-1 Formula: C14H14O2) using chiral phosphine catalyst has been reported. Conversion of meso-hydrobenzoin to trans-stillbene oxide by treatment with an aryl sulfonyl chloride and aqueous sodium hydroxide has been reported.

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Cote, L.;Oleson, J. J.;Williams, J. H. published 《Nicotinamide inhibitors》. The research results were published in《Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine》 in 1952.Synthetic Route of C8H12ClNO2 The article conveys some information:

3,5-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid, 4-methyl-2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxamide, 3-bromopyridine, 2-methyl-3-amino-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)pyridine, N-thiazolylpyrazinamide, N,N-dimethylpyrazinamide, N-methylpyrazinamide, N-pyrazinylthiourea, N-(hydroxymethyl)pyrazinamide, diethyl N-pyrazinoylaspartate, N-pyrazinoylpiperidine, N-isobutylpyrazinamide, N-(2-pyridyl)pyrazinamide, N-(3-pyridyl)pyrazinamide, N-phenylpyrazinamide, N-hexadecylpyrazinamide, 3-pyrazinoylaminoquinoline, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N’-pyrazinoylethylenediamine, 3-hydroxy-6-pyridazinecarboxamide, 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxamide, 1-thiazolyl-2-pyrrolecarboxamide, desoxypyridoxine, salicylamide, furoic acid, furanilide, pyrazinohydrazide, 1-carbethoxy-4(1,2-dicarbethoxyethyl)piperazine, N-(p-methoxybenzyl)pyrazinamide, pyrazinohydroxamic acid, and Et N-pyrazinoyl-β-alanate had no anti-nicotinamide activity when tested against Lactobacillus arabinosus and none stimulated growth. Pyrazinamide, pyrazinoic acid, and 2-sulfanilamido-5-nitropyridine reversibly inhibited the action of nicotinamide on the organism. Pyrazinamide was not a nicotinamide antagonist for rats or chicks. To complete the study, the researchers used 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride (cas: 148-51-6) .

5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride(cas:148-51-6 Synthetic Route of C8H12ClNO2) is a vitamin B6 antimetabolite with diverse biological activities. It inhibits transport of pyridoxine , pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine in and reduces growth of S. carlsbergensis cells. DOP inhibits sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase and reduces cyclic stretch-induced apoptosis in alveolar epithelial MLE-12 cells.

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McCasland, G. E.;Gottwald, L. Kenneth;Furst, Arthur published 《4,5-Dihalo and 3-amino analogs of pyridoxine. New route to 4-deoxypyridoxine》 in 1961. The article was appeared in 《Journal of Organic Chemistry》. They have made some progress in their research.HPLC of Formula: 148-51-6 The article mentions the following:

Dihalo analogs of pyridoxine, expected to show good alkylating activity, were prepared as potential antitumor agents. SOCl₂ (15.0 ml.) was added to 2.06 g. powd. dry pyridoxine hydrochloride (I), the mixture refluxed 1 hr., cooled to 0-25° for several days, filtered, and the crystals washed with C₆H₆, then with 10 ml. Me₂CO, m. 140-90°. Recrystallization from absolute EtOH-C₆H₆ gave 1.6 g. needles. Dissolution in 25 ml. boiling absolute EtOH and treatment with 25 ml. hot C₆H₆ gave on cooling 0.9 g. 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride (II), m. 175-90° (decomposition), recrystallized from 10 ml. EtOH to yield 0.7 g. product, m.p. unchanged. I (6.2 g.) treated with 43.5 ml. SOCl₂ but kept at 25° only 12 hrs. gave after washing with Me₂CO 7.1 g. II, m. 185-95° (decomposition). The use of PCl₅ in CCl₄, or concentrated HCl, failed to yield pure II. I (21.4 g.) and 200 ml. 8.8M HBr was refluxed 15 min., cooled, filtered, and the solid washed with H₂O and Me, CO to give 24.2 g. crystalline 2methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide (III), m. 224-8° (decomposition). III (1.88 g.) was stirred with 0.463 g. NaHCO₃ in 20 ml. H₂O; the mixture turned pink, then red, and after 100 min. stirring was filtered. The solid was washed with H₂O and dried to give 0.6 g. brown-red powder, m. above 325°. The pH of the filtrate was 2, indicating displacement of one or both Br atoms from BrCH₂. The solid was insoluble at the boiling point in EtOH, H₂O, or 6M HCl. I (2.06 g.) boiled with 67.2 g. 7.6M HI gave 1.3 g.2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis(iodomethyl)pyridine hydriodide (IV), m. 120-60° (decomposition). III with NaI in Me₂CO failed to give IV. 2-Methyl-3-amino-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine monohydrochloride (V), m. 195-7°, with 8.8M HBr gave 34% 2 methyl-3-amino4,5-bis(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide, m. 220° (decomposition). When 1.0 g. V was boiled with 6.5 ml. 7.6M HI, iodine was liberated and one of the HOCH₂ groups was reduced to Me to give 0.59 g. black crystalline mass, which was crystallized from absolute EtOH to yield light yellow 2,4-dimethyl-3-amino-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine hydriodide (VI), m. 190-6°, VI (50 mg.) was heated 5 min. with 43 mg. AgCl in 1.0 ml. H₂O, the mixturefiltered to remove AgI, the filtrate acidified with 0.2 ml. 12M HCl, the acid solution treated with 23 mg. NaNO₂ in 1.0 ml. H₂O, and the mixture heated until N effervescence ceased (10-15 min.). The solution was vacuum-distilled to dryness, 0.5 ml. 12M HCl added to the residue, the distillation to dryness repeated, the residue extracted with 2.0 ml. absolute EtOH, cooled, and filtered. The filtrate was treated with Et₂O and the separated crystals collected and dried to yield 10 mg. 4-deoxypyridoxine hydrochloride, m. 255° (decomposition). V (1.0 g.), 0.8 g. fused NaOAc, and 20 ml. Ac₂O was boiled 20 min., the solvent removed by vacuum distillation, the residue extracted with 15 ml. CHCl₃, the CHCl₃ extract treated with C, and evaporated to give a brown oil, which was stirred with 2.0 ml. Et₂O to yield 0.4 g. solid 2-methyl-3-acetamido-4,5-bis(acetoxymethyl)pyridine (VII), m. 103-1° (C₆H₆). VII (0.42 g.) in 12 ml. 0.5M NaOH was kept 2 hrs. at 20°, the clear solution adjusted to pH 6-7 by addition of HOAc, the solvent evaporated in vacuo, the residue extracted (Soxhlet) 24 hrs. with Me₂CO, and the extract cooled to give 0.1 g. crystalline 2-methyl-3-acetamido-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyridine, m. 185-6°. And 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride (cas: 148-51-6) was used in the research process.

5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride(cas:148-51-6 HPLC of Formula: 148-51-6) is a strong antagonist of vitamin B6. Deoxypyridoxine hydrochloride has been used as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in food samples using high performance liquid chromatography.

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Category: alcohols-buliding-blocksIn 2020, Wang, Mingyang;Li, Man;Yang, Shan;Xue, Xiao-Song;Wu, Xinxin;Zhu, Chen published 《Radical-mediated C-C cleavage of unstrained cycloketones and DFT study for unusual regioselectivity》. 《Nature Communications》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Herein, an efficient strategy for the direct C-C cleavage of cyclohexanones and cyclopentanones, e.g., I [X = O, CH₂; Z = CH₂, CH₂CH₂, (CH₂)₃; R = H, 4-Ph, 3,5-Cl₂, etc.], is reported. The cyclic C-C σ-bond is readily cleaved under mild conditions with the aid of an in situ formed side-chain aryl radical. D. functional theory calculations are carried out to shed light on the unusual regioselectivity of C-C bond cleavage. The reaction affords a variety of structurally diverse 3-coumaranones and indanones II that widely exist in natural products and bioactive mols., illustrating the synthetic value of this method.4-(2-Phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol (cas: 599-64-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

4-(2-Phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol(cas:599-64-4) is a natural product found in Panax ginseng.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks 4-(2-Phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol is a useful reagent for preparing and characterizing aromatic polyphosphonates as high refractive index polymers.

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Synthetic Route of C11H16OIn 2017, Domeno, Celia;Aznar, Margarita;Nerin, Cristina;Isella, Francesca;Fedeli, Mauro;Bosetti, Osvaldo published 《Safety by design of printed multilayer materials intended for food packaging》. 《Food Additives & Contaminants, Part A》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Printing inks are commonly used in multilayer plastics materials used for food packaging, and compounds present in inks can migrate to the food either by diffusion through the multilayers or because of set-off phenomena. To avoid this problem, the right design of the packaging is crucial. This paper studies the safety by design of multilayer materials. First, the migration from four different multilayers manufactured using polyethylene terephthalate (PET), aluminum (Al) and polyethylene (PE) was determined The structural differences among materials such as the presence of inks or lacquer coatings as well as the differences in layers position allowed the study of a safety-by-design approach. Sixty-nine different compounds were detected and identified; 49 of them were not included in the pos. list of Regulation EU/10/2011 or in Swiss legislation and 15 belong to Cramer class III, which means that they have a theor. high toxicity. Some of the compounds related to ink composition were pyrene, a compound com. used to make dyes and dye precursors and the antioxidant Irganox 1300. The application of external lacquers decreased the concentration of some migrants but also brought the potential for new migrants coming from its composition A final risk assessment of the material allowed evaluating food safety for different food simulants and confirm it. To complete the study, the researchers used 4-tert-Amylphenol (cas: 80-46-6) .

4-tert-acylphenol (cas:80-46-6) contains hydroxyl group. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Synthetic Route of C11H16O

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HPLC of Formula: 140-66-9《Supramolecular confinement and photoluminescence enhancements of a conjugated polymer by hydrogen bonding in solid films》 was published in 2022. The authors were Liu, Yen-Hui;Huang, Cheng-Chung;Cheng, Chih-Chia;Yang, Arnold C.-M., and the article was included in《Materials Chemistry and Physics》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Massive photoluminescence (PL) enhancements and blue shifts in solid films of a conjugated polymer (CP) were observed when supramol. confinement took effect under intermol. hydrogen bonding (HB) stabilized via paired diluent interactions. By blending a HB donor diluent of 4-octylphenol into poly [2-(thiophen-3-yl)-Et acetate], a CP with HB acceptor side-groups, the PL emissions and blue shift surged at a threshold diluent fraction (ϕd) corresponding to ~0.5 diluent mol. per CP monomers, attributed to mol. confinement by the hydrogen bonding. The confinement culminated, with the PL enhancements and blue shift achieving ~12 folds and ~40 nm resp., at ϕd ~1.5 diluent per monomer when almost all CP side-groups had formed supramol. bonding; thereafter it plateaued as the excess diluent precipitated into crystalline 2nd phase. It is inferred that restriction of CP motions under supramol. confinements can rigidify the backbones to lead to reduced self-trapping and enhanced PL, while at the same time the incurred modification of chain conformations disrupts conjugation lengths and gives rise to large blue shifts. To complete the study, the researchers used 4-tert-Octylphenol (cas: 140-66-9) .

4-tert-Octylphenol(cas: 140-66-9) is a common environmental pollutant showing weak estrogenic effects.HPLC of Formula: 140-66-9 It has been shown to cause harm to vertebrate male reproductive systems.

Reference:
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Qin, Junhao;Zeng, Shuqing;Wang, Xi;Lin, Chuxia published 《Generation of micro(nano)plastics and migration of plastic additives from Poly(vinyl chloride) in water under radiation-free ambient conditions》. The research results were published in《Chemosphere》 in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 2,2-Methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-p-cresol) The article conveys some information:

A batch experiment was conducted to observe the liberation of micro- and nano-sized plastic particles and plastic additive-originated organic compounds from poly(vinyl chloride) under radiation-free ambient conditions. The weathering of PVC films in deionized water resulted in isolated pockets of surface erosion. Addnl. OH from Fenton reaction enhanced PVC degradation and caused cavity erosion. The detachment of plastic fragments from the PVC film surfaces was driven by autocatalyzed oxidative degradation Over 90% of micro-sized plastic particles were <60 μm in length. The detached plastic fragments underwent intensified weathering, which involved strong dehydrochlorination and oxidative degradation Further fragmentation of micro-sized particles into nano-sized particles was driven by oxidative degradation with complete dehydrochlorination being achieved following formation of nanoplastics. 20 organic compounds released from the PVC films into the solutions were identified. And some of them can be clearly linked to common plastic additives. In the presence of addnl. OH, the coarser nanoplastic particles (>500 nm) tended to be rapidly disintegrated into finer plastic particles (<500 nm), while the finest fraction of nanoplastics (<100 nm) could be completely decomposed and disappeared from the filtrates. The micro(nano)plastics generated from the PVC weathering were highly irregular in shape. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 2,2-Methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-p-cresol) (cas: 119-47-1) .

Application In Synthesis of 2,2-Methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-p-cresol)2,2′-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol)(CAS: 119-47-1) is a natural product found in Streptomyces and Aspergillus fumigatus .

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