Month: October 2022

SDS of cas: 599-64-4《In Vitro Screening of 21 Bisphenol A Replacement Alternatives: Compared with Bisphenol A, the Majority of Alternatives Are More Cytotoxic and Dysregulate More Genes in Avian Hepatocytes》 was published in 2021. The authors were Crump, Doug;Sharin, Tasnia;Chiu, Suzanne;O’Brien, Jason M., and the article was included in《Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

An avian in vitro screening approach was used to determine the effects of 21 bisphenol A (BPA) alternatives. Cytotoxicity and dysregulation of genes associated with estrogen response and other toxicol. relevant pathways evoked by these alternatives were compared with BPA. Most of the BPA alternatives (15/21) were equally or more cytotoxic than BPA in chicken embryonic hepatocytes; variability in cell viability was associated with chem. structure and the log octanol-water partition coefficient (logP) values. A neg. linear relationship (r2 = 0.745; p = 0.49-07; n = 18) was observed between logP and the log median lethal concentration (logLC50) values. The least cytotoxic BPA alternatives elicited the greatest gene dysregulation and, overall, most of the alternatives altered more genes than BPA (measured with a custom polymerase chain reaction array). This overall approach shows promise for use as a screen for hazard-based prioritization of BPA replacement alternatives and to ideally identify those that may be less harmful and/or require addnl. toxicity testing.4-(2-Phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol (cas: 599-64-4) were involved in the experimental procedure.

4-(2-Phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol(cas:599-64-4) is a natural product found in Panax ginseng.SDS of cas: 599-64-4 4-(2-Phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol is a useful reagent for preparing and characterizing aromatic polyphosphonates as high refractive index polymers.

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Baral, Ek Raj;Lee, Jun Hee;Kim, Jeung Gon published 《Diphenyl Carbonate: A Highly Reactive and Green Carbonyl Source for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates》. The research results were published in《Journal of Organic Chemistry》 in 2018.Application In Synthesis of rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol The article conveys some information:

A practical, safe, and highly efficient carbonylation system involving a di-Ph carbonate, an organocatalyst, and various diols is presented herein and produces highly valuable cyclic carbonates. In reactions with a wide range of diols, di-Ph carbonate was activated by bicyclic guanidine 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) as a catalyst, which successfully replaced highly toxic and unstable phosgene or its derivatives while maintaining the desired high reactivity. Moreover, this new system can be used to synthesize sterically demanding cyclic carbonates such as tetrasubstituted pinacol carbonates, which are not accessible via other conventional methods. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol (cas: 579-43-1) .

Desymmetrization of rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol(cas:579-43-1 Application In Synthesis of rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol) using chiral phosphine catalyst has been reported. Conversion of meso-hydrobenzoin to trans-stillbene oxide by treatment with an aryl sulfonyl chloride and aqueous sodium hydroxide has been reported.

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Related Products of 579-43-1《Highly efficient cationic palladium catalyzed acetylation of alcohols and carbohydrate-derived polyols》 was published in 2016. The authors were Mensah, Enoch A.;Reyes, Francisco R.;Standiford, Eric S., and the article was included in《Catalysts》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

The development of a new facile method for the acetylation of alcs. and carbohydrate-derived polyols is described. This method relies on the nature of the cationic palladium catalyst, Pd(PhCN)₂(OTf)₂, which is generated in situ from Pd(PhCN)₂Cl₂ and AgOTf to catalyze the acetylation reaction. This new acetylation protocol is very rapid and proceeds under mild conditions with only 1 mol% of catalyst loading at room temperature This new method has been applied to a variety of different alcs. with different levels of steric hindrance, as well as carbohydrate-derived polyols to provide the corresponding fully acetylated products in excellent yields. And rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol (cas: 579-43-1) was used in the research process.

rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol(cas: 579-43-1 Related Products of 579-43-1) has been used in the preparation of trans-methyl meso-hydrobenzoin phosphite.

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Reference of 2-Hexyl-1-decanol《Pressurized entrained-flow pyrolysis of lignite for enhanced production of hydrogen-rich gas and chemical raw materials》 was published in 2020. The authors were Tahmasebi, Arash;Maliutina, Kristina;Matamba, Tawanda;Kim, Jong-Ho;Jeon, Chung-Hwan;Yu, Jianglong, and the article was included in《Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

This paper reports the enhanced production of H₂ and polyaromatics during lignite pyrolysis under pressurized entrained-flow conditions. The pyrolysis temperature and pressure ranged between 600-900°C and 0.1-4.0 MPa, resp., and were found to greatly influence the yield and composition of pyrolysis products. The results showed that the concentration of H₂ in the light gas fraction increased drastically with pyrolysis temperature and pressure, reaching 91.69 vol% at 900°C and 4.0 MPa, which corresponded to H₂ generation of 0.27 m³/kg coal. The yield of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene, biphenylene, fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and fluoranthene was also promoted at elevated pyrolysis temperatures and pressures. The highest PAHs concentration of 90.4 area% in the pyrolysis oil was obtained at 900°C and 4.0 MPa. It was also found that the changes in the hydrogen distribution under pressurized entrained-flow conditions mainly took place during the secondary pyrolysis reactions. It was postulated that hydrogen was formed via aromatization, condensation, aromatic ring growth mechanism, and direct cleavage reactions. The findings of this study showed that lignite could be efficiently converted to H₂-rich gas, PAHs as chem. raw materials, and energy-dense lignite char via a novel poly-generation system based on pressurized entrained-flow pyrolysis. To complete the study, the researchers used 2-Hexyl-1-decanol (cas: 2425-77-6) .

2-Hexyl-1-decanol(cas: 2425-77-6) is a fatty acid that is found in the essential oils of plants and has been shown to have fungicidal properties.Reference of 2-Hexyl-1-decanol It has also been shown to inhibit the growth of Candida glabrata when used as a cationic surfactant.

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Kamata, Ryo;Nakajima, Daisuke;Shiraishi, Fujio published 《Agonistic effects of diverse xenobiotics on the constitutive androstane receptor as detected in a recombinant yeast-cell assay》. The research results were published in《Toxicology In Vitro》 in 2018.Product Details of 80-46-6 The article conveys some information:

The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a nuclear receptor and transcription factor regulating proteins involved in xenobiotic metabolism Agonist activation of the CAR can trigger metabolic activation and toxification as well as detoxification and clearance; accordingly, xenobiotic substances acting as CAR ligands may pose a threat to human and animal health. The authors used yeast cells transduced with the human CAR and the response pathway to measure the CAR-agonistic activities of 549 synthetic or natural compounds: 216 of the tested compounds exhibited CAR-agonistic effects. Eighty-four percent of CAR-activating compounds were aromatic compounds, and >65% of these active compounds were aromatic hydrocarbons, bisphenols, monoalkyl phenols, phthalates, styrene dimers, di-Ph ethers, organochlorines, and organophosphates. The ten most potent compounds were 4-tert-octylphenol (4tOP; reference substance), 4-nonylphenol, diethylstilbestrol, benzyl Bu phthalate, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,4-trimethylchroman, o,p’-DDT, methoxychlor, di-Pr phthalate, hexestrol, and octachlorostyrene. The activities of these nine non-reference compounds exceeded 10% of the 4tOP activity. Anal. of para-monoalkyl phenols suggests that branching of the alkyl group and chlorination at the ortho position raises potency. This study provides critical information for identifying the potential of CAR-mediated toxic hazards and for understanding the relevant mechanism. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 4-tert-Amylphenol (cas: 80-46-6) .

4-tert-acylphenol (cas:80-46-6) contains hydroxyl group. Owing to the presence of the polar OH alcohols are more water-soluble than simple hydrocarbons. Methanol, ethanol, and propanol are miscible in water. Butanol, with a four-carbon chain, is moderately soluble.Product Details of 80-46-6

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Smoum, Reem;Haj, Christeene;Hirsch, Shira;Nemirovski, Alina;Yekhtin, Zhannah;Bogoslavsky, Benny;Bakshi, Gaganjyot Kaur;Chourasia, Mukesh;Gallily, Ruth;Tam, Joseph;Mechoulam, Raphael published 《Fenchone Derivatives as a Novel Class of CB2 Selective Ligands: Design, Synthesis, X-ray Structure and Therapeutic Potential》 in 2022. The article was appeared in 《Molecules》. They have made some progress in their research.Product Details of 80-46-6 The article mentions the following:

A series of novel cannabinoid-type derivatives was synthesized by the coupling of (1S,4R)-(+) and (1R,4S)-(-)-fenchones I (R = H, Me, n-pentyl, 2-methylbutan-2-yl, etc.; R¹ = H, hexyl; R² = H, OMe) with various resorcinols RC₆H₃(OH)₂/phenols RC₆H₄OH. The fenchone-resorcinol derivatives I were fluorinated using Selectfluor and demethylated using sodium ethanethiolate in DMF (DMF). The absolute configurations of four compounds were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The fenchone-resorcinol analogs I possessed high affinity and selectivity for the CB2 cannabinoid receptor. One of the analogs synthesized, I (R = 2-methyloctan-2-yl, R¹ = H, R² = OMe (II)), had a high affinity (K_i = 3.51 nM) and selectivity for the human CB2 receptor (hCB2). In the [³⁵S]GTPγS binding assay, the lead compound was found to be a highly potent and efficacious hCB2 receptor agonist (EC₅₀ = 2.59 nM, E_(max) = 89.6%). Two of the fenchone derivatives I were found to possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Mol.-modeling studies elucidated the binding interactions of (II) within the CB2 binding site.4-tert-Amylphenol (cas: 80-46-6) were involved in the experimental procedure.

4-tert-acylphenol (cas:80-46-6) contains hydroxyl group.Some low molecular weight alcohols of industrial importance are produced by the addition of water to alkenes. Ethanol, isopropanol, 2-butanol, and tert-butanol are produced by this general method. Product Details of 80-46-6

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Product Details of 110-03-2In 2019, Ye, Yang;Chen, Haifeng;Sessler, Jonathan L.;Gong, Hegui published 《Zn-Mediated Fragmentation of Tertiary Alkyl Oxalates Enabling Formation of Alkylated and Arylated Quaternary Carbon Centers》. 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Zn-mediated reduction of readily accessible dialkyl oxalates derived from tertiary alcs. provides an efficient approach to C-O bond fragmentation and alkyl radical formation. With MgCl₂ as the indispensable additive and Ni as the promoter, trapping the radical with activated alkenes and aryl-Ni intermediates allows for the generation of alkylated and arylated all-carbon quaternary centers. To complete the study, the researchers used 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol (cas: 110-03-2) .

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol(cas:110-03-2) on heteropoly acid catalyzed dehydration yields cyclic ethers via stereospecific intramolecular SN2 mechanism. It reacts with nitriles in concentrated sulfuric acid to yield Δ1-pyrrolines.Product Details of 110-03-2

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Formula: C11H16O《Predicting the toxicity of substituted aromatic compounds to fathead minnows using artificial neural network》 was published in 2017. The authors were Li, Qinling;Yang, Yuliang, and the article was included in《Jisuanji Yu Yingyong Huaxue》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Ninety-two substituted aromatic compounds (containing alkyl-benzenes, nitrobenzene, phenols and anilines) were calculated and 13 quantum chem. parameters were obtained using ab initio. The prediction model was established quant. relationship between the acute toxicity to fathead minnows of a set of substituted aromatic compounds on using BP-ANN and RBF-ANN method. The correlation coefficients of the prediction model were 0.958 and 0.967. Exptl. results showed: BP-ANN and RFB-ANN were better than the multiple regression methods. The results showed that there was nonlinear relationship between toxicity and the quantum chem. parameters. And 4-tert-Amylphenol (cas: 80-46-6) was used in the research process.

4-tert-acylphenol (cas:80-46-6) contains hydroxyl group. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Formula: C11H16O

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Formula: C15H16OIn 2022, Ling, Meiqi;Yu, Kaifeng;Wang, Jian;Wang, Honghua;Nie, Heran;Wang, Zhipeng;Zhou, Guangyuan published 《Synthesis and pyrolysis mechanism of phenolphthalein poly(aryl ether sulfone) containing isopropyl groups》. 《Thermochimica Acta》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

A novel phenolphthalein poly(aryl ether sulfone) polymer containing iso-Pr groups (iPrPESC) has been successfully synthesized by S_N2 aromatic nucleophilic polycondensation reaction. The pyrolysis mechanism and behavior of iPrPESC were investigated by thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform IR spectroscopy and pyrolysis combined with gas chromatog./mass spectrometry. TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS were used to identify the thermal decomposition products and to determine the possible thermal degradation mechanism. The main mechanism for iPrPESC was one-stage pyrolysis involving main-chain random scission, and the major products of SO₂ and phenol were released from the sulfone and ether groups in iPrPESC. The thermal degradation activation energy of iPrPESC was calculated to be 151 ± 4 and 139 ± 4 kJ mol^-1 by the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger methods, resp., which were much lower than that of phenolphthalein poly(aryl ether sulfone). Furthermore, introduction of iso-Pr groups on the main chain can significantly reduce the char yield. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 4-(2-Phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol (cas: 599-64-4) .

4-(2-Phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol(cas:599-64-4) is a natural product found in Panax ginseng.Formula: C15H16O 4-(2-Phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol is a useful reagent for preparing and characterizing aromatic polyphosphonates as high refractive index polymers.

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Heyl, Dorothea;Harris, Stanton A.;Folkers, Karl published 《Chemistry of vitamin B₆. IX. Derivatives of 5-deoxypyridoxine》. The research results were published in《Journal of the American Chemical Society》 in 1953.Quality Control of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride The article conveys some information:

cf. C.A. 47, 8745g. The 5-deoxy derivatives (I) of pyridoxine (II), pyridoxal (III), and pyridoxamine (IV) were prepared and characterized. The I can participate normally in biochemical reactions involving the substituent at the 4-position but cannot be phosphorylated like II, III, and IV. As expected the I had no vitamin B₆ activity but were effective antimetabolites. Codecarboxylase has been catalytically hydrogenated to 5-deoxypyridoxine (V); both II and III yielded under the same conditions a mixture of 4-deoxypyridoxine (VI) and V. The absorption spectra of 5-deoxypyridoxal (VII) (recorded) and pure pyridoxal-5-phosphate (codecarboxylase) (VIII) at pH 11.0 and 1.9, resp., are almost identical. The deep yellow color of both VII and VIII in alk. solution together with other absorption characteristics is ascribed to a quinoid structure. 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4-methoxymethyl-5-chloromethylpyridine (IX).HCl (2.38 g.) in 125 cc. MeOH was shaken with H in the presence of 2 g. 5% Pd-Darco, the mixture filtered, and the filtrate concentrated to 20 cc. to yield 1.5 g. (75%) 2,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methoxymethylpyridine (X).HCl, m. 152-3° (from EtOH-Et₂O). IX.HCl (23.7 g.) reduced similarly in 2 equal portions, each one in 600 cc. MeOH with 5 g. Pd catalyst yielded 19.0 g. (94%) X.HCl. X.HCl (1.47 g.) in 50 cc. 4N HCl heated 3 hrs. at 180-90° in a sealed tube, the colorless solution filtered, the filtrate concentrated to dryness, and the H₂O removed azeotropically with EtOH and C₆H₆ yielded 0.96 g. (70%) V.HCl, m. 143-3.5° (from EtOH-Et₂O); treated with excess NaHCO₃ gave V, m. 181-2° (from EtOH). X.HCl was treated in H₂O with NaHCO₃, the mixture concentrated in vacuo and extracted with Et₂O, the extract evaporated, 3.1 g. of the residual free base heated 18 hrs. with 50 cc. MeOH and 50 cc. liquid NH₃ in a sealed tube, the mixture evaporated in vacuo to dryness, MeOH added and removed twice by distillation, and the residue extracted with Et₂O to leave 1.86 g. (60%) 5-deoxypyridoxamine (XI); m. 160-1° (from MeOH); 2,5-dimethyl-3-p-toluenesulfonoxy-4-p-toluenesulfonylaminopyridine-HCl, m. 194-5° (from EtOH). A small sample of XI was heated 20 min. with Ac₂O on a steam bath, the solution concentrated to dryness, the residue treated with EtOH, distilled to dryness, dissolved in HCl, treated with Darco, neutralized with NaHCO₃, chilled, and the crystalline deposit recrystallized from C₆H₆ containing a few drops EtOH to give 2,5-dimethyl-3-acetoxy-4-acetylaminomethylpyridine, m. 174-5°. V.HCl (5.7 g.) was stirred 2 hrs. at 60-70° with 2.8 g. MnO₂, 1.5 cc. H₂SO₄, and 75 cc. H₂O, the mixture filtered, the filtrate concentrated in vacuo, the sirup taken up in 15 cc. H₂O, excess solid AcONa added, and the thick, crystalline precipitate cooled, filtered off, and washed with ice water to give 1.30 g. (29%) VII, m. 108-9° (from petr. ether); the aqueous filtrate from VII gave with 2 g. NH₂OH.HCl 0.9 g. (18%) oxime of VII, m. 239-40° (decomposition) (from EtOH). To the aqueous filtrate of a similar run were added 12 g. NaOAc and 4.5 g. NH₂OH.HCl and the mixture was heated 10 min. on a steam bath to yield 2.43 g. (49%) oxime of VII. VII in CHCl₃ treated with excess alc. HCl, the solution evaporated in vacuo to dryness, a little H₂O added and removed in vacuo, and the residue treated with CHCl₃ yielded VII.HCl, m. 191-3° (decomposition). VII (90 mg.) in 1 cc. H₂O was cooled in ice, the pH adjusted to 11 with 6N NaOH, 4 drops 30% H₂O₂ added, the mixture adjusted to pH 3 with HCl and cooled, and the precipitate washed with H₂O, EtOH, and Et₂O to yield 70 mg. (85%) 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyridine, decomposed 262-70°. Crude Ca codecarboxylase (0.5 g.) was suspended in H₂O and treated with 0.7 cc. 6N HCl, the mixture filtered, the filtrate diluted to 50 cc. shaken 2.25 hrs. at atm. pressure with H and 0.5 g. 10% Pd-C, filtered and concentrated to dryness in vacuo, the residue dissolved in about 3 cc. H₂O, the solution treated with excess solid NaHCO₃, filtered, the filter residue washed with H₂O, the combined filtrate and washings were concentrated in vacuo to 5 cc., the concentrate extracted 21 hrs. continuously with CHCl₃, the extract evaporated, and the residue treated with alc. HCl and precipitated with Et₂O to give 0.07 g. V.HCl, m. 140-1°. III.HCl (0.35 g.) was treated with 0.10 g. CaO and 0.17 g. H₃PO₄ and hydrogenated similarly to give 0.08 g. (24%) VI.HCl, m. 264-5°, and 0.11 g. (33%) V.HCl; the aqueous filtrate left from the CHCl₃-extraction was concentrated to dryness, the residue extracted with EtOH, and the extract acidified with alc. HCl to give 0.11 g. (30%) I.HCl. Similar hydrogenation of 0.40 g. I.HCl in 0.3 cc. 6N HCl and 50 cc. H₂O for 4-5 hrs. gave 0.16 g. (42%) VI.HCl and 0.09 g. (24%) V.HCl. Attempted similar hydrogenation of V gave only recovered starting material. To complete the study, the researchers used 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride (cas: 148-51-6) .

5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride(cas:148-51-6 Quality Control of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride) is a vitamin B6 antimetabolite with diverse biological activities. It inhibits transport of pyridoxine , pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine in and reduces growth of S. carlsbergensis cells. DOP inhibits sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase and reduces cyclic stretch-induced apoptosis in alveolar epithelial MLE-12 cells.

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