Month: October 2022

Safety of 2,2-Methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-p-cresol)In 2021, Wang, Jisheng;Bao, Binghao;Meng, Fanchao;Deng, Sheng;Dai, Hengheng;Feng, Junlong;Li, Haisong;Wang, Bin published 《To study the mechanism of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. And Lycium barbarum L. in the treatment of asthenospermia based on network pharmacology》. 《Journal of Ethnopharmacology》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Cuscuta chinensis Lam. and Lycium barbarum L.(SC-FL) is a commonly used kidney tonic Chinese medicine combination that is widely used in the clin. treatment of oligoasthenospermia. However, its specific mechanism remains unclear and requires in-depth study. To explore the potential targets of SC-FL in the treatment of oligoasthenospermia using network pharmacol., and to verify the results with in vivo and in vitro experiments A herb-compound-target-disease network and PPI network were constructed with Cytoscape software. The targets of SC-FL for the treatment of male sterility were introduced into a bioinformatics annotation database, and the GO and KEGG databases were used for pathway enrichment anal. Subsequently, Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (GTW) polyglycoside was used to induce a spermatogenic dysfunction model in GC-1 spg cells and SD male rats in in vitro and in vivo experiments, resp. The SC-FL and PI3K pathway inhibitor LY294002 was used to intervene in the spermatogenic dysfunction model to detect the expression of proteins and mRNA related to the PI3K pathway and to detect the indicators related to proliferation and apoptosis. In in vitro experiments, the percentage of spermatogenic cells and the proportion of GC-1 spg cells at G0/G1 and G2/M stages in the model group (GTW group) and the inhibitor group (LY group) were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) compared with the blank control group (NC group). The apoptosis rate of the GTW group was significantly increased (P < 0.01). The ultrastructures of GC-1 spg cells in the GTW group and LY group were obviously destroyed. Compared with the GTW group, the SC-FL group had a significantly reduced apoptosis rate of GC-1 spg cells, reduced percentage of cells in S phase, and a significantly improved mitochondrial membrane potential. SC-FL can repair the ultrastructure of GC-1 spg cells damaged by GTW. The above effects of SC-FL are closely related to up-regulation of GFRa1, RET, PI3K, p-AKT, and Bcl-2 and down-regulation of BAD and BAX proteins and mRNA expression. In vivo, compared with the GTW group, the body mass, testicular mass, and epididymal weight of the GTW + SC-FL group were significantly increased (P < 0.01). Sperm concentrations and the PR + NP of GTW + SC-FL were significantly higher than in the GTW group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). FSH, LH, and T levels in the GTW + SC-FL and LY + SC-FL groups were significantly higher than those in the GTW and LY group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). HE staining results showed that the morphol. of testicular tissue in the GTW + SC-FL and LY + SC-FL groups was superior to that in the GTW and LY group. The above effects of SC-FL are closely related to the up-regulation of proteins and mRNA expression of PI3K, p-AKT, and Bcl-2. Through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, SC-FL up-regulates GFRa1, RET, PI3K, p-AKT, and Bcl-2, and down-regulates the expression of BAD and BAX proteins and mRNA, thus reducing the percentage of GC-1 spg cells in S-phase, significantly increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential, significantly reducing cell apoptosis, and improving sperm counts and viability.2,2-Methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-p-cresol) (cas: 119-47-1) were involved in the experimental procedure.

Safety of 2,2-Methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-p-cresol)2,2′-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol)(CAS: 119-47-1) is a natural product found in Streptomyces and Aspergillus fumigatus .

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Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks《Development of β-cyclodextrin crosslinked citric acid encapsulated in polypropylene membrane protected-μ-solid-phase extraction device for enhancing the separation and preconcentration of endocrine disruptor compounds》 was published in 2022. The authors were Hafiz Rozaini, Muhammad Nur’;Saad, Bahruddin;Lim, Jun Wei;Yahaya, Noorfatimah;Ramachandran, Muggundha Raoov;Kiatkittipong, Worapon;Mohamad, Mardawani;Chan, Yi Jing;Goh, Pei Sean;Shaharun, Maizatul Shima, and the article was included in《Chemosphere》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) such as plasticisers, surfactants, pharmaceutical products, personal care products and pesticides are frequently released into the environmental waters. Therefore, a sensitive and environmentally friendly method is entailed to quantify these compounds at their trace level concentrations This study encapsulated the β-cyclodextrin crosslinked with citric acid in a polypropylene membrane protected-μ-solid phase extraction (BCD-CA μ-SPE) device for preconcg. the EDCs (triclosan, triclocarban, 2-phenylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenols and bisphenol A) in real water samples before the anal. by high-performance liquid chromatog. FT-IR and TGA results indicated that BCD-CA was successfully synthesized with the formation of ester linkage (1078.33 cm^-1) and O-H stretching from carboxylic acid (3434.70 cm^-1) with higher thermal stability as compared with native CD with the remaining weight above 72.1% at 500°C. Several critical parameters such as the sorbent loading, type and amount of salts, extraction time, sample volume, sample pH, type and volume of desorption solvents and desorption time were sequentially optimized and statistically validated. Under the optimum condition, the use of BCD-CA μ-SPE device had manifested good linearity (0.5-500μg L^-1) with the determination of the coefficient range of 0.9807-0.9979. The p-values for the F-test and t-test (6.60 x 10^-8 – 1.77 x 10^-5) were lesser than 0.05 and low detection limits ranging from 0.27 to 0.84μg L^-1 for all studied EDCs. The developed technique was also successfully applied for EDC analyses in four distinct real water samples, namely, wastewater, river water, tap water and mineral water, with good EDCs recoveries (80.2%-99.9%), low relative standard deviations (0.1%-3.8%, n = 3) with enrichment factor ranging from 9 to 82 folds. These results signified the potential of the BCD-CA μ-SPE device as an efficient, sensitive, and environmentally friendly approach for analyzing EDCs. And 4-tert-Octylphenol (cas: 140-66-9) was used in the research process.

4-tert-Octylphenol(cas: 140-66-9) is a common environmental pollutant showing weak estrogenic effects.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks It has been shown to cause harm to vertebrate male reproductive systems.

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Furmick, Julie K.;Kaneko, Ichiro;Walsh, Angela N.;Yang, Joanna;Bhogal, Jaskaran S.;Gray, Geoffrey M.;Baso, Juan C.;Browder, Drew O.;Prentice, Jessica L. S.;Montano, Luis A.;Huynh, Chanh C.;Marcus, Lisa M.;Tsosie, Dorian G.;Kwon, Jungeun S.;Quezada, Alexis;Reyes, Nicole M.;Lemming, Brittney;Saini, Puneet;van der Vaart, Arjan;Groy, Thomas L.;Marshall, Pamela A.;Jurutka, Peter W.;Wagner, Carl E. published 《Modeling, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Potential Retinoid X Receptor-Selective Agonists: Novel Halogenated Analogues of 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-Pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethynyl]benzoic Acid (Bexarotene)》. The research results were published in《ChemMedChem》 in 2012.Safety of 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol The article conveys some information:

The synthesis of halogenated analogs of 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)ethynyl]benzoic acid (1), known commonly as bexarotene, and their evaluation for retinoid X receptor (RXR)-specific agonist performance is described. Compound 1 is FDA approved to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL); however, bexarotene treatment can induce hypothyroidism and elevated triglyceride levels, presumably by disrupting RXR heterodimer pathways for other nuclear receptors. The novel halogenated analogs in this study were modeled and assessed for their ability to bind to RXR and stimulate RXR homodimerization in an RXRE-mediated transcriptional assay as well as an RXR mammalian-2-hybrid assay. In an array of eight novel compounds, four analogs were discovered to promote RXR-mediated transcription with EC₅₀ values similar to that of 1 and are selective RXR agonists. Our approach also uncovered a periodic trend of increased binding and homodimerization of RXR when substituting a halogen atom for a proton ortho to the carboxylic acid on 1. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol (cas: 110-03-2) .

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol(cas:110-03-2) was used in the synthesis of six- and seven-membered heterocyclic boron compounds containing intramolecular N-B bond.Safety of 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol

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Safety of 3,7-Dimethyloctan-3-olIn 2014, Sawi, Salma Ahmed Mahmoud El;Hanafy, Doaa Mahmoud Moawad Mahmoud;Alfy, Taha Shahat Mohamed Ahmed El published 《Composition of the non-polar extracts and antimicrobial activity of Chorisia insignis HBK. leaves》. 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

To investigate the chem. constituents of the petroleum ether extract and the ether fraction of the 70% ethanol extract of Chorisia insignis HBK. leaves, as well as screen its antimicrobial activity. Different chromatog. methods were applied to investigate the non-polar extracts and the diffusion assay method was applied to study the antimicrobial activity. A total of 50 compounds from the unsaponifiable matter and 20 fatty acid Me esters were identified from the petroleum ether extract by GC/MS anal. n-Hentriacontane, n-tritriacontane, stigmastanol, 3-methoxy-5, 6-dihydrostigmasterol, 7,8-dihydroergosterol, 4-methylcholesterol, cholestanol, multiflorenol, cholest-5-en-3-one, cholest-6-one, 5,6-dihydroergosterol, stigmasterol, dihydroalbigenin and 11-methyl-Δ^{5,7,9,15,17,23}-triacont-hex-ene were isolated from the petroleum ether extract Me heptacosanoate and quinic acid ester of rhamnose were isolated from the ether fraction of the 70% ethanol extract Antimicrobial activity of the total alc. extract and the successive fractions showed that the ether and the Et acetate fractions have potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. The ether and the Et acetate fractions could be used in pharmaceutical formulations as antibacterial agents against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus, and further clin. trials should be performed in order to support the above investigations. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-3-ol (cas: 78-69-3) .

3,7-Dimethyloctan-3-ol(cas:78-69-3) is a fatty alcohol that is 3-octanol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7.Safety of 3,7-Dimethyloctan-3-ol Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism. It has a role as a human metabolite.

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Product Details of 110-03-2In 2012, Hanai, Yosuke;Shimono, Ken;Oka, Hiroaki;Baba, Yoshinobu;Yamazaki, Kunio;Beauchamp, Gary K. published 《Analysis of volatile organic compounds released from human lung cancer cells and from the urine of tumor-bearing mice》. 《Cancer Cell International》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Backgrounds: A potential strategy for the diagnosis of lung cancer is to exploit the distinct metabolic signature of this disease by way of biomarkers found in different sample types. In this study, we investigated whether specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) could be detected in the culture medium of the lung cancer cell line A549 in addition to the urine of mice implanted with A549 cells. Results: Several VOCs were found at significantly increased or decreased concentrations in the headspace of the A549 cell culture medium as compared with the culture medium of two normal lung cell lines. We also analyzed the urine of mice implanted with A549 cells and several VOCs were also found to be significantly increased or decreased relative to urine obtained from control mice. It was also revealed that seven VOCs were found at increased concentrations in both sample types. These compounds were found to be di-Me succinate, 2-pentanone, phenol, 2-methylpyrazine, 2-hexanone, 2-butanone and acetophenone. Conclusions: Both sample types produce distinct biomarker profiles, and VOCs have potential to distinguish between true- and false-pos. screens for lung cancer. To complete the study, the researchers used 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol (cas: 110-03-2) .

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol(cas:110-03-2) was used in the synthesis of six- and seven-membered heterocyclic boron compounds containing intramolecular N-B bond.Product Details of 110-03-2

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Hamilton, Lisa A.;Tremblay, Louis A.;Northcott, Grant L.;Boake, Michael;Lim, Richard P. published 《The impact of variations of influent loading on the efficacy of an advanced tertiary sewage treatment plant to remove endocrine disrupting chemicals》. The research results were published in《Science of the Total Environment》 in 2016.Recommanded Product: 80-46-6 The article conveys some information:

The effect of changes in influent load on the removal of endocrine disrupting chems. (EDCs) by sewage treatment has not been fully characterized. This study assessed the efficacy of an advanced tertiary sewage treatment plant (STP) to remove EDCs during normal and peak flow events of sewage influent using trace chem. anal. of selected EDCs and four estrogenic in vitro bioassays. During the summer holiday season, influent volume increased by 68%, nutrient concentrations by ≥26% and hydraulic retention time was reduced by 40% compared with base flow conditions. Despite these pressures on the treatment system the concentrations and mass loading of estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol, bisphenol A, 4-t-octylphenol and tech. nonylphenol were not significantly higher (p >0.05) during the peak flow conditions compared with base flow conditions. Chem. anal. and in vitro bioassays showed that the efficacy of the STP in removing EDCs was not affected by the different loadings between baseline and peak flow regimes. This study demonstrates that large flow variations within the design capacity of advanced multi-stage STPs should not reduce the removal efficacy of EDCs. And 4-tert-Amylphenol (cas: 80-46-6) was used in the research process.

4-tert-acylphenol (cas:80-46-6) contains hydroxyl group. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Recommanded Product: 80-46-6

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Wang, Xuan;Yu, Liangmin;Liu, Yujing;Jiang, Xiaohui published 《Synthesis and fouling resistance of capsaicin derivatives containing amide groups》 in 2020. The article was appeared in 《Science of the Total Environment》. They have made some progress in their research.SDS of cas: 599-64-4 The article mentions the following:

Capsaicin, which inhibits the attachment and growth of fouling organisms, is a bioactive substance that is generally recognized as a highly active environmental algaecide agent. Its derivatives are simple in structure and have been proven to have low toxicity and be environmentally friendly. Six capsaicin derivatives were synthesized via Friedel-Crafts alkylation and characterized using m.p. (MP) anal., IR spectroscopy, NMR (¹H NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The inhibition effect and toxicity of these compounds towards Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum), Skeletonema costatum (S. costatum) and Chaetoceros curvisetus (C. curvisetus) were tested. The capsaicin derivatives all showed inhibitory effects. In particular, compound E with over 95% (3 mg·L^-1) inhibition and intermediate toxicity was superior to the other compounds, reflecting an environmentally friendly effect. This finding indicates that capsaicin derivatives possess the potential to become environmentally friendly algaecide agents. The fouling resistance of capsaicin derivatives incorporated into the coatings as antifouling agents was measured in the marine environment. The results showed that capsaicin derivatives possess excellent fouling resistance, with only a small amount of algae and muck attached to the tested panel at 90 days. The above results provide a scientific basis for the application of capsaicin derivatives as environmentally friendly antifouling agents. To complete the study, the researchers used 4-(2-Phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol (cas: 599-64-4) .

4-(2-Phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol(cas:599-64-4) is a natural product found in Panax ginseng.SDS of cas: 599-64-4 4-(2-Phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol is a useful reagent for preparing and characterizing aromatic polyphosphonates as high refractive index polymers.

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Synthetic Route of C14H22O《Occurrence and Fate of Triclosan and Triclocarban in Selected Wastewater Systems across Durban Metropolis, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa》 was published in 2022. The authors were Bakare, Babatunde Femi;Adeyinka, Gbadebo Clement, and the article was included in《International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health》. The author mentioned the following in the article:

Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are antimicrobial agents that have been used in personal care and consumer products in the past decades. In this study, influent, effluent, and sludge samples collected in selected wastewater treatment plants across the Durban metropolis were qual. and quant. investigated. It was revealed that the concentration of TCS ranged from 1.906 to 73.462μg/L, from 1.732 to 6.980μg/L, and from 0.138 to 2.455μg/kg in influent, effluent, and sludge samples, resp. The concentrations of TCC were found to be between 0.320 and 45.261μg/L, <LOQ-1.103μg/L, and from 0.107 to 8.827μg/kg in the influent, effluent, and sludge samples, resp. Higher concentrations of TCS as compared with TCC were observed in the aqueous samples. However, the concentrations of TCC in the sludge samples were significantly higher than the level of TCS. More water solubility of TCS could be responsible for the observed trend in the influent and effluent samples, while the trend observed in the sludge could be due to the more hydrophobicity character of TCC. The results of this study indicated that substantial amounts of TCS and TCC are been removed during the treatment process which could be a major reason for the decline in the levels recorded in the effluent samples, therefore, reducing the amount of the TCS and TCC that would eventually end up in the surface rivers. Qual. analyses of the samples indicated the presence of caffeine, tert-butylhydroquinone, chloroxylenol, phenol, 4-(1,1,3,3-tetra-Me butyl), and dimethyl-bisphenol A. Further investigative ecol. risk assessment studies are crucial due to the potential threat the contaminants may pose to aquatic lives and humans. And 4-tert-Octylphenol (cas: 140-66-9) was used in the research process.

4-tert-Octylphenol(cas: 140-66-9) has been used as a reference standard for the determination of the analyte in water samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS).Synthetic Route of C14H22O

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Chang, Sue-Joan published 《Vitamin B₆ antagonists alter the function and ultrastructure of mice endothelial cells》 in 2000. The article was appeared in 《Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology》. They have made some progress in their research.Product Details of 148-51-6 The article mentions the following:

Vitamin B₆ is necessary for normal cell membrane function and stability. We studied both the function and ultrastructure of aortic and arterial endothelial cells (EC) in vitamin B₆ deficiency induced by vitamin B₆ antagonists 4-deoxypyridoxine HCl (dPN·HCl) and isonicotinylhydrazide (INH) given in drinking water to 1-mo-old ICR mice. The mice were fed normal laboratory chow and divided into 3 groups. Mice in group I were given distilled water (control), group II was given 0.1 mg dPN·HCl/mL water, and group III 0.4 mg INH/mL water. After 5 mo the blood plasma concentrations of B₆ vitamers pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) and pyridoxal (PL) were analyzed by HPLC. With arachidonic acid (AA) as a precursor, the PGI₂ production by EC was assayed by thin-layer chromatog. (TLC) as an indicator of endothelial function. Aorta and arterioles from the foot pad were removed, stained with osmium tetraoxide, and examined by transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the EC ultrastructure. The blood plasma concentrations of PLP, PL, and total B₆ were lowest for mice fed INH, followed by dPN·HCl and control. The PGI₂ production was paralleled by the plasma vitamin B₆ status, with the lowest levels in the INH group, followed by the dPN·HCl group. Abnormalities in the EC ultrastructure were found in both dPN·HCl and INH groups, including cells detached from underlying elastic tissue, with prominent pinocytotic vesicles and swelling and/or indistinct cristae of mitochondria. Thus, vitamin B₆ antagonists can induce a deficient status that alters the function and ultrastructure of EC similar to vascular disease.5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride (cas: 148-51-6) were involved in the experimental procedure.

5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,4-dimethylpyridin-3-ol hydrochloride(cas:148-51-6 Product Details of 148-51-6) is a strong antagonist of vitamin B6. Deoxypyridoxine hydrochloride has been used as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte in food samples using high performance liquid chromatography.

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Related Products of 579-43-1In 2020, Fujita, Masashi;Kobayashi, Fumihisa;Ide, Takafumi;Egami, Hiromichi;Hamashima, Yoshitaka published 《Oxidative and Redox-Neutral Approaches to Symmetrical Diamines and Diols by Single Electron Transfer/Hydrogen Atom Transfer Synergistic Catalysis》. 《European Journal of Organic Chemistry》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

Homocoupling reactions of benzylamines and benzyl alcs. were examined under synergistic catalysis conditions with a photoredox catalyst and thiobenzoic acid as a hydrogen atom abstractor. When pivalaldehyde was used as an electron acceptor, oxidative dimerization proceeded selectively, whereas the use of benzaldehydes or iminium ions as electron acceptors resulted in redox-neutral coupling. These reactions afforded sym. 1,2-diamines and 1,2-diols in good yields. To complete the study, the researchers used rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol (cas: 579-43-1) .

Desymmetrization of rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol(cas:579-43-1 Related Products of 579-43-1) using chiral phosphine catalyst has been reported. Conversion of meso-hydrobenzoin to trans-stillbene oxide by treatment with an aryl sulfonyl chloride and aqueous sodium hydroxide has been reported.

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