Houben, Tom; Yadati, Tulasi; de Kruijf, Robbin; Gijbels, Marion J. J.; Luiken, Joost J. F. P.; van Zandvoort, Marc; Kapsokalyvas, Dimitris; Luetjohann, Dieter; Westerterp, Marit; Plat, Jogchum; Leake, David; Shiri-Sverdlov, Ronit published the artcile< Pro-inflammatory implications of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin treatment>, Synthetic Route of 434-16-2, the main research area is proinflammatory hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin treatment; 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin; cholesterol; hepatic inflammation; macrophage; metabolic inflammation.
Lifestyle- and genetically induced disorders related to disturbances in cholesterol metabolism have shown the detrimental impact of excessive cholesterol levels on a plethora of pathol. processes such as inflammation. In this context, two-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD) is increasingly considered as a novel pharmacol. compound to decrease cellular cholesterol levels due to its ability to increase cholesterol solubility However, recent findings have reported contra-indicating events after the use of CD questioning the clin. applicability of this compound Given its potential as a therapeutic compound in metabolic inflammatory diseases, in this study, we evaluated the inflammatory effects of CD administration in the context of cholesterol-induced metabolic inflammation in vivo and in vitro. The inflammatory and cholesterol-depleting effects of CD were first investigated in low-d. lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr-/) mice that were transplanted with Npc1nih or Npc1wt bone marrow and were fed either regular chow or a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFC) diet for 12 wk, thereby creating an extreme model of lysosomal cholesterol-induced metabolic inflammation. In the final three weeks, these mice received daily injections of either control (saline) or CD s.c. Subsequently, the inflammatory properties of CD were investigated in vitro in two macrophage cell lines and in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). While CD administration improved cholesterol mobilization outside lysosomes in BMDMs, an overall pro-inflammatory profile was observed after CD treatment, evidenced by increased hepatic inflammation in vivo and a strong increase in cytokine release and inflammatory gene expression in vitro in murine BMDMs and macrophages cell lines. Nevertheless, this CD-induced pro-inflammatory profile was time-dependent, as short term exposure to CD did not result in a pro-inflammatory response in BMDM. While CD exerts desired cholesterol-depleting effects, its inflammatory effect is dependent on the exposure time. As such, using CD in the clinic, especially in a metabolic inflammatory context, should be closely monitored as it may lead to undesired, pro-inflammatory side effects.
Frontiers in Immunology published new progress about Animal gene, CCL2 Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Synthetic Route of 434-16-2.
Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts