Month: September 2022

Formula: C10H22OIn 2015, Koivisto, Elina;Ladommatos, Nicos;Gold, Martin published 《Systematic study of the effect of the hydroxyl functional group in alcohol molecules on compression ignition and exhaust gas emissions》. 《Fuel》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

This paper present the results of experiments conducted in a single cylinder compression ignition research engine to investigate the performance of various alc. fuel mols. Alcs. of C8-C16 chain lengths were tested and the results of these experiments were compared with those for corresponding hydrocarbon mols. Alcs. had higher ignition delays than the various hydrocarbons tested. This is believed to be due to the increased difficulty of both hydrogen abstraction and isomerization, caused by the higher electronegativity of the oxygen atoms in alcs. compared to carbon atoms. Addnl., the location of the hydroxyl group was found to affect ignition delay; mols. in which the hydroxyl group was closer to the center of the carbon chain were observed to have longer ignition delays. In addition, both higher degree of unsaturation and Me branching were shown to increase the ignition delay of alcs., as was expected. Due to higher ignition delays, alc. combustion resulted in higher in-cylinder temperatures than those corresponding to hydrocarbon combustion, giving rise to greater NO_x emissions. In the case of exhaust particulate matter, a shift was observed for alcs. towards a greater number of nucleation particles, in comparison to corresponding alkane mols. To complete the study, the researchers used 3,7-Dimethyloctan-3-ol (cas: 78-69-3) .

3,7-Dimethyloctan-3-ol(cas:78-69-3) is a fatty alcohol that is 3-octanol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7.Formula: C10H22O Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism. It has a role as a human metabolite.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Salafranca, Jesus;Clemente, Isabel;Isella, Francesca;Nerin, Cristina;Bosetti, Osvaldo published 《Influence of oxygen and long term storage on the profile of volatile compounds released from polymeric multilayer food contact materials sterilized by gamma irradiation》. The research results were published in《Analytica Chimica Acta》 in 2015.Reference of 4-tert-Amylphenol The article conveys some information:

The profile of volatile compounds released from 13 different multilayer polymeric materials for food use, before and after their exposure to gamma radiation, has been assessed by solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. Thermosealed bags of different materials were filled with either air or nitrogen to evaluate the oxygen influence. One-third of the samples were analyzed without irradiation, whereas the rest were irradiated at 15 and 25 kGy. Half of the samples were processed just after preparation and the other half was stored for 8 mo at room temperature prior to anal. Very significant differences between unirradiated and irradiated bags were found. About 60-80 compounds were released and identified per sample. A huge peak of 1,3-ditertbutylbenzene was present in most of the irradiated samples. An outstanding reproducibility in all the variables evaluated (chromatograms, oxygen percentage, volume of bags) was noticed. Independently of filling gas, the results of unirradiated materials were almost identical. In contrast, the chromatog. profile and the odor of irradiated bags filled with nitrogen were completely different to those filled with air. Principal component anal. was performed and 86.9% of the accumulated variance was explained with the first two components. The migration of compounds from irradiated materials to the vapor phase was much lower than the limits established in the Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011. To complete the study, the researchers used 4-tert-Amylphenol (cas: 80-46-6) .

4-tert-acylphenol (cas:80-46-6) contains hydroxyl group. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Reference of 4-tert-Amylphenol

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Lei;Zhang, Xiao;Xia, Raymond Yang;Yang, Chao;Guo, Lin;Xia, Wujiong published 《Electrochemical Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones for the Synthesis of Alcohols and Diols under Ambient Conditions》. The research results were published in《Synlett》 in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 579-43-1 The article conveys some information:

A sustainable, practical, and direct strategy for the reduction of carbonyl compounds, including aldehydes and ketones, by an electrochem. pathway is presented, affording a variety of alcs. or diols as major products with decent yields. The reaction proceeds smoothly in the air at ambient temperatures with DABCO as the sacrificial reductant. Mechanistic studies revealed that direct electrochem. reduction followed by either protonation or radical-radical homocoupling is the main pathway.rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol (cas: 579-43-1) were involved in the experimental procedure.

Desymmetrization of rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol(cas:579-43-1 HPLC of Formula: 579-43-1) using chiral phosphine catalyst has been reported. Conversion of meso-hydrobenzoin to trans-stillbene oxide by treatment with an aryl sulfonyl chloride and aqueous sodium hydroxide has been reported.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Category: alcohols-buliding-blocksIn 2013, Wei, Wei;Ma, Shuai;Han, Zeng-ying;Cao, Sheng-hua;Ding, Xiao-dong published 《Synthesis and optimization of bexarotene》. 《Huaxue Yanjiu Yu Yingyong》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

The anti-cancer drug bexarotene was synthesized through seven main reactions such as chlorination, Friedel-Crafts alkylation, Friedel-Crafts acylation, Wittig reaction, hydrolysis reaction etc. This route was optimized greatly which featured with low cost and easy operation procedure. And 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol (cas: 110-03-2) was used in the research process.

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol(cas:110-03-2) was used in the synthesis of six- and seven-membered heterocyclic boron compounds containing intramolecular N-B bond.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Szostak, Michal;Spain, Malcolm;Procter, David J. published 《Ketyl-Type Radicals from Cyclic and Acyclic Esters are Stabilized by SmI₂(H₂O)_n: The Role of SmI₂(H₂O)_n in Post-Electron Transfer Steps》 in 2014. The article was appeared in 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》. They have made some progress in their research.Related Products of 579-43-1 The article mentions the following:

Mechanistic details pertaining to the SmI₂-H₂O-mediated reduction and reductive coupling of 6-membered lactones, the first class of simple unactivated carboxylic acid derivatives that had long been thought to lie outside the reducing range of SmI₂, were elucidated. Results provide new exptl. evidence that water enables the productive electron transfer from Sm(II) by stabilization of the radical anion intermediate rather than by solely promoting the first electron transfer as originally proposed. Notably, these studies suggest that all reactions involving the generation of ketyl-type radicals with SmI₂ occur under a unified mechanism based on the thermodn. control of the second electron transfer step, thus providing a blueprint for the development of a broad range of novel chemoselective transformations via open-shell electron pathways. To complete the study, the researchers used rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol (cas: 579-43-1) .

Desymmetrization of rel-(1R,2S)-1,2-Diphenylethane-1,2-diol(cas:579-43-1 Related Products of 579-43-1) using chiral phosphine catalyst has been reported. Conversion of meso-hydrobenzoin to trans-stillbene oxide by treatment with an aryl sulfonyl chloride and aqueous sodium hydroxide has been reported.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Computed Properties of C15H16OIn 2022, Sun, Ruiting;Lu, Fuwei;Yu, Chunmei;Yang, Yanan;Qiao, Lizhen;Liu, Anmin published 《Peanut shells-derived biochars as adsorbents for the pipette-tip solid-phase extraction of endocrine-disrupting phenols in water, milk and beverage》. 《Journal of Chromatography A》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

In the present work, a type of biochar materials derived from carbonizing peanut shells were obtained and employed as the adsorbents of pipet-tip solid-phase extraction (PT-SPE) for the enrichment and determination of six endocrine-disrupting phenols (EDPs) in combination with high-performance liquid chromatog. equipped with UV detector (HPLC-UV). Abundant aliphatic and aromatic carbon structures and functional groups from polar heteroatoms (N, O, S) were distributed in the low-cost and eco-friendly peanut shells-derived biochar materials and were favorable for the enrichment of target EDPs. Moreover, the theor. calculation based on d. functional theory (DFT) proved that the effective enrichment of EDPs in aqueous samples benefited from the effective adsorption on the peanut shells-derived biochar materials. The exptl. factors influencing the extraction efficiency were investigated, including adsorbent amount, aspirating/dispensing cycles, the type of elution solvent and elution times, salt addition, sample solution pH and type and volume of washing solvent. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed PT-SPE method exhibited good linear relationship (R2 > 0.993) in the range of 0.5-400μg/L and low limits of detections (LODs) from 0.25 to 2.5μg/L, as well as good precision and accuracy with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.3%-13.2% and recoveries of 83.5%-117.1%. Finally, the biochars-based miniaturized pretreatment method was employed for the determination of six EDPs in bottled water, milk, tea beverage and disposal plastic bag soaked solution with recoveries from 77.5% to 116.5%. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 4-(2-Phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol (cas: 599-64-4) .

4-(2-Phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol(cas:599-64-4) is a natural product found in Panax ginseng.Computed Properties of C15H16O 4-(2-Phenylpropan-2-yl)phenol is a useful reagent for preparing and characterizing aromatic polyphosphonates as high refractive index polymers.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cao, Bili;Lv, Xue;Chen, Zijing;Xu, Kun published 《Supplementing green light under strong sunlight improves growth and functional ingredients of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) in summer》 in 2021. The article was appeared in 《Industrial Crops and Products》. They have made some progress in their research.Electric Literature of C23H32O2 The article mentions the following:

The green light for ginger growth may not be as unimportant as often assumed, but still now the roles of green light in ginger remain poorly understood. To investigate this issue, the ‘Shandong Number 1’ginger cultivar was grown and treated with two contrasting light environments: sunlight (CK treatment), supplementing green light under strong sunlight (T1 treatment), and this study explored morphol. alterations, photosynthetic responses and gene expression of ginger in response to supplementing green light under strong sunlight, based on ginger’s own species characteristics. The results showed as follows. One hand, supplementing green light under strong sunlight promoted expression of gibberellin biosynthesis gene and altered the morphol. characteristics of ginger. In response to supplementing green light under strong sunlight, ginger presented not only shade avoidance symptoms characteristics, but also promotion of number of shoots, and thus rendered higher crown d. and greater crown volume When exposed to supplementing green light under strong sunlight condition, the strategies implemented by ginger to deal with stem elongation and branching increase seemed to be a species-specific response. On the other hand, the pos. effect of supplementing green light under strong sunlight on ginger also depends on the growth conditions. Previous research confirmed that ginger did not grow well under green light only treatment. In contrast, supplementing green light under strong sunlight resulted in higher crown d. and greater crown volume, which played a role in shading for the inner leaves and young pseudostems under summer sunlight, although strong summer light posed a threat to ginger growth. In addition, supplementing green light under strong sunlight led to upregulation of chlorophyll metabolism gene and an increase in Chlorophyll a content. Also, the enhancement of green light radiation effectively increased expressions of photosynthetic genes and photosynthesis rate. These all contributed to the improvement of photosynthetic efficiency of ginger leaves, as a way to increase light energy consumption, and thus reduced chloroplast senescence caused by excess light energy in summer. Furthermore, higher photosynthesis rate contributed to accumulation of photosynthetic products, and supported the material requirements for increasing biomass and improving rhizome functional ingredients. Taken together, this study will lay the foundations of a better understanding of the importance of green light to ginger. To complete the study, the researchers used 2,2-Methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-p-cresol) (cas: 119-47-1) .

Electric Literature of C23H32O22,2′-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol)(CAS: 119-47-1) is a natural product found in Streptomyces and Aspergillus fumigatus .

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Safety of 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediolIn 2014, Xu, Zhihan;Pan, Shen;Huang, Yan-gen published 《Synthesis and biological evaluation of new retinoid derivatives》. 《Youji Huaxue》published the findings. The article contains the following contents:

The key intermediate boronic acid 2 was synthesized via sequential reactions of Friedel-Crafts alkylation, bromination and nucleophilic reaction by using anisole as starting material. Hydroxyacetone was converted to bromide compound 3 by the Wittig reaction, bromination, Arbuzov reaction and Homer-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reaction. Three novel retinoid derivatives 1a-1c can be obtained via the Suzuki coupling reaction of the boronic acid 2 with bromide compound 3, Me 4-bromo-2-fluorobenzoate (4) or Me 6-bromonicotinate (5) and followed by hydrolysis of the corresponding esters. In addition, trifluoromethyl substituted retinoid derivative 1d was synthesized via sequential reactions of Friedel-Crafts alkylation nitration, trifluoromethylation, reduction and nucleophilic reaction with bromobenzene as starting material. The structures of four new retinoid derivatives 1a-1d were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR and HRMS analyses. Furthermore, the inducing differentiation abilities of mols. 1a-1d for HL-60 cells were tested, and the results revealed that these four retinoid derivatives are biol. active. The IC₅₀ values of fluorinated derivatives 1b and 1d are lower than that of com. medicine all trans retinoid acid (ATRA).2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol (cas: 110-03-2) were involved in the experimental procedure.

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol(cas:110-03-2) was used in the synthesis of six- and seven-membered heterocyclic boron compounds containing intramolecular N-B bond.Safety of 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Leblanc, Virginie;Yokota, Mariko;Grandidier, Marie-Helene;Yoshida, Daisuke;Adriaens, Els;Cotovio, Jose;Kyoutani, Daiki;Alepee, Nathalie published 《SkinEthic HCE Eye Irritation Test: Similar performance demonstrated after long distance shipment and extended storage conditions》. The research results were published in《Toxicology In Vitro》 in 2019.Electric Literature of C8H18O2 The article conveys some information:

Assessment of ocular irritation risk is an international regulatory requirement in the safety evaluation of products. In response to this need, L’Oreal developed the SkinEthic Human Corneal Epithelium (HCE) Eye Irritation Test (EIT) that has been included in OECD Test Guideline 492. SkinEthic HCE EIT is able to correctly and reliably identify chems. not requiring classification vs. labeling for eye irritation or serious eye damage according to UN GHS. In an effort to promote its global use, the performance of the method was evaluated after long-distance shipment and compared to European shipment conditions. Results obtained by Cosmos Tech. Center (Japan) after extended tissues transit were compared to results obtained in L’Oreál (France). Thirty-nine out of 40 blinded chems., representing different functional chem. classes, were consistently classified in both laboratories The SkinEthic HCE EIT test method was also evaluated for its performance after extended storage of the tissues. The performance was in agreement with the values reported in OECD TG 492, with an overall accuracy of 87.1% (based on 119 chems.), sensitivity of 95.5% and specificity of 73.5%. The reliability and relevance of SkinEthic HCE EIT test method after long-distance shipment and extended storage remain in agreement with regulatory validation criteria. The experimental procedure involved many compounds, such as 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol (cas: 110-03-2) .

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol(cas:110-03-2) on heteropoly acid catalyzed dehydration yields cyclic ethers via stereospecific intramolecular SN2 mechanism. It reacts with nitriles in concentrated sulfuric acid to yield Δ1-pyrrolines.Electric Literature of C8H18O2

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Alepee, Nathalie;Leblanc, Virginie;Grandidier, Marie-Helene;Teluob, Severine;Viricel, Anaelle;Adriaens, Els;Michaut, Valerie published 《SkinEthic HCE Time-to-Toxicity on solids: A test method for distinguishing chemicals inducing serious eye damage, eye irritation and not requiring classification and labeling》. The research results were published in《Toxicology In Vitro》 in 2021.COA of Formula: C8H18O2 The article conveys some information:

This study describes the development of a Time-to-Toxicity approach for solids (TTS) based on the SkinEthic HCE tissue construct, capable to distinguish chems. that do not require classification for serious eye damage/eye irritation (No Cat.) from chems. that require classification for eye irritation (Cat. 2), and serious eye damage (Cat. 1). Briefly, the time-to-toxicity of 69 solids was evaluated by exposing SkinEthic HCE tissue constructs to the test chem. for two different time periods (30-min, and 120-min). Based on the viability observed for the different exposure periods, a classification was assigned. The within laboratory reproducibility in terms of concordance in classifications (3 UN GHS categories), based on a set of 48 solids, was 93.7%. Furthermore, 73.6% Cat. 1 (N = 24), 55.6% Cat. 2 (N = 15) and 72.2% No Cat. (N = 30) were correctly identified with the SkinEthic HCE TTS test method. This study provides evidence that the SkinEthic HCE Time-to-Toxicity method (multiple exposure times) can distinguish Cat. 2 solids from Cat. 1 solids. This is an added value compared to the SkinEthic HCE EITS method (single exposure time) that can distinguish No Cat. chems. from chems. that do require classification and labeling for eye irritation/serious eye damage (Cat. 2/Cat. 1). And 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol (cas: 110-03-2) was used in the research process.

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol(cas:110-03-2) on heteropoly acid catalyzed dehydration yields cyclic ethers via stereospecific intramolecular SN2 mechanism. It reacts with nitriles in concentrated sulfuric acid to yield Δ1-pyrrolines.COA of Formula: C8H18O2

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts