In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called The reduction of pyridine derivatives with lithium aluminum hydride, published in 1953, which mentions a compound: 1195-58-0, mainly applied to , Quality Control of Pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile.
When pyridine derivatives (I) with CO2Et or CN groups at the 3- and 5-positions are treated with LiAlH4 (II) the ring system is attacked first; when the 2-, 4-, and 6-positions are substituted, the functional group are reduced. The reductions are carried out by adding a large excess of II in ether to the I in absolute ether with stirring and ice-cooling, treating the mixture with saturated NH4Cl solution, and evaporating the washed ether solution Reduction of 5 g. di-Et 2,6-lutidine-3,5-dicarboxylate in 50 cc. ether with 780 mg. II in 40 cc. ether gives 40% Et 3-hydroxymethyl-2,6-lutidine-5-carboxylate, m. 100-1°; when the mixture is refluxed 2 hrs. 65% 3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,6-lutidine, m. 141-2°, is obtained. Reduction of di-Me dinicotinate gives 50% di-Me 1,4-dihydrodinicotinate, m. 150-60°, λmaximum 220, 375 mμ (MeOH). Reduction of di-Me 2-methyl-dinicotinate also gives a dihydro derivative, b0.02 115-20°, yellow needles, m. 126°, λmaximum 220, 375 mμ (MeOH). Reduction of 10 g. 2-chloropyridine (III) with 1 g. II at 0° gives unchanged III. Reduction of 1 g. Et picolinate gives 2-pyridine methanol (picrate m. 159°). Reduction of Et 2-pyridyl-acetate gives 2-pyridineëthanol, b15 120° (picrate, m. 120°). Refluxing 50 g. dinicotinic acid with 150 cc. SOCl2 15 hrs. and treating the acid chloride with NH4OH give 26 g. diamide, m. 302°, which, warmed in 130 cc. C5H5N with 19 cc. POCl3 3 hrs at 60°, yields 15 g. dinitrile (IV), m. 113° after sublimation at 70°/1 mm. Reduction of 1 g. IV in 20 cc. ether with 300 mg. II in 10 cc. ether gives 1,4-dihydrodinicotinonitrile, yellow crystals, m. 197°, λmaximum 360 mμ (MeOH). Similar reduction of 0.43 g. 2,6-lutidine-3,5-dicarbonitrile gives the 1,4-dihydro derivative, yellow crystals, m. 225°, λmaximum 362.5 mμ (MeOH). Catalytic hydrogenation of 0.5 g. IV in 20 cc. MeOH 3 hrs. with 50 mg. PtO2, 0.5 g., gives a dihydro derivative with λmax. 360 mμ which reduces neutral AgNO3. Adding (0.5 hr.) 6.5 g. II in 300 cc. ether to 46 g. Me nicotinate in 300 cc. ether at 0°, decomposing the mixture with NH4Cl, and distilling the residue of the ether extract give 31.3 g. 3-pyridine methanol, b0.1 110° (picrate, m. 158-60°). The difference in the behavior of the pyridine esters and nitriles toward II is explained as resulting from the different polarization of the pyridine rings in these compounds
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