The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Dihydropyridines. V. Formation of the isomeric 1,2- and 1,4-dihydro derivatives in the reaction of methylmagnesinm iodide with 3,5-dicyanopyridine and 3,5-dicyano-2-methylpyridine》. Authors are Kuthan, J.; Janeckova, E.; Havel, M..The article about the compound:Pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrilecas:1195-58-0,SMILESS:N#CC1=CC(C#N)=CN=C1).Quality Control of Pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:1195-58-0) is conveyed.
cf. CA 58, 5626a. MeMgI adds to 3,5-dicyanopyridine (I) to give 3,5-dicyano-2-methyl-1,2-dihydropyridine (II) and 3,5-dicyano-4-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine (III). Similarly, 3,5-dicyano-2-methylpyridine (IV) forms 3,5-dicyano-2,6-dimethyl-1,2-dihydropyridine (V) and 3,5-dicyano-2,4-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine (VI), resp. Nicotinoyl chloride-HCl (from 500 g. nicotinoic acid and 1400 ml. SOCl2) refluxed 35 hrs. with 500 ml. Br, the mixture evaporated on a steam bath, the residue dissolved in 1 l. absolute EtOH, and the solution heated 30 min. on a steam bath gave 81% HBr salt of Et 5-bromonicotinate, m. 147-7.5° (EtOH), from which 80% Et 5-bromonicotinate (VII), b0.5 86-92°, m. 42°, was obtained by treatment with Na2CO3. VII (50 g.) stirred with 30 g. CuCN in 50 ml. HCONMe2 2 hrs. at 160-75°, the mixt evaporated in vacuo, and the residue shaken with 500 ml. concentrated NH4OH and extracted successively with 800 ml. C6H6 and 200 ml. Et2O gave after evaporation 45% Et 5-cyanonicotinate (VIII), b16 143-5°, m. 89-90° (petr. ether). VIII (50 g.) in 1 l. absolute EtOH saturated with NH3 kept 7 days at room temperature gave 72% 5-cyanonicotinamide (IX), m. 220-1° (H2O, EtOH). A mixture of 14 g. IX and 40 ml. anhydrous C5H5N treated over 15 min. with 9 ml. POCl3, stirred 8 hrs., decomposed with ice, alkalized with NH4OH, and extracted with CHCl3 gave 64% I, m. 113-13.5° (dilute EtOH), sublimed 80-90°/10 mm. K salt of 2-hydroxy-3,5-dicyano-6-methylpyridine (6.07 g.) and 7 g. PCl5 treated with 10 ml. POCl3, and the mixture refluxed 30 min., evaporated in vacuo, decomposed with ice, and extracted with C6H6 gave 35% 3,5-dicyano-2-chloro-6-methylpyridine, m. 143-3.5°, which gave IV, m. 76-7°, on catalytic hydrogenation. Reaction of 1.04 g. I in 70 ml. Et2O with MeMgI (from 0.8 g. Mg, 2 ml. MeI, and 30 ml. Et2O) followed by chromatography on Al2O3 (activity II) gave 512 mg. yellow II, m. 114-15° (C6H6, dilute EtOH), and 240 mg. yellowish III, m. 180.5-81° (dilute EtOH). Similarly, 670 mg. IV with MeMgI (from 0.72 g. Mg, 1.9 ml. MeI, and 25 ml. Et2O) afforded 405 mg. yellow V, m. 152-3° (dilute MeOH), and 138 mg. yellowish VI, m. 129.5-30.5°. Dehydrogenation of II, III, V, and VI by heating with equal amounts 30% Pd-C 20 min. at 200-5° gave IV, 3,5-dicyano-4-methylpyridine, m. 84.5-85°, 3,5-dicyano-2,6-dimethylpyridine, m. 118-18.5°, and 3,5-dicyano-2,4-dimethylpyridine, m. 115-15.5°, resp. Ultraviolet and infrared data for II, III, V, and VI, and of some of the intermediates, are given.
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