Month: April 2021

Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics, COA of Formula: C4H9ClO, 928-51-8, Name is 4-Chlorobutan-1-ol, SMILES is OCCCCCl, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Mahmoud, Toka N., introduce the new discover.

Canna x generalis LH Bailey rhizome extract ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via modulating intestinal mucosal dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and TLR4/ NF-kappa B and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Genus Canna is used in folk medicine as demulcent, diaphoretic, antipyretic, mild laxative and in gastrointestinal upsets therapy. Canna x generalis (CG) L.H. Bailey is traditionally used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic. Besides, CG is used in Ayurvedic medicines’ preparations and in the treatment of boils, wounds, and abscess. Nevertheless, its anti-inflammatory effects against ulcerative colitis (UC) are not yet investigated. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the phytoconstituents of CG rhizome ethanol extract (CGE). Additionally, we aimed to comparatively evaluate its therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms against the reference drug sulphasalazine (SAS) in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Material and methods: Metabolic profiling of CG rhizomes was performed via UHPLC/qTOF-HRMS; the total phenolic, flavonoid and steroid contents were determined, and the main phytoconstituents were isolated and identified. Next, DSS-induced (4%) acute UC was established in C57BL/6 mice. DSS-induced mice were administered either CGE (100 and 200 mg/kg) or SAS (200 mg/kg) for 7 days. Body weight, colon length, disease activity index (DAI) and histopathological alterations in colon tissues were examined. Colon levels of oxidative stress (GSH, MDA, SOD and catalase) and pro-inflammatory [Myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), IL-1 beta, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and INF-gamma] markers were colourimetrically determined. Serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and relative mRNA expressions of occludin, TLR4 and ASC (Apoptosis-Associated Speck-Like Protein Containing CARD) using RT-PCR were measured. Protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and cleaved caspase-1 were determined by Western blot. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examinations of caspase-3, NF-kappa B and claudin-1 were performed. Results: Major identified constituents of CGE were flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, beside five isolated phytoconstituents (beta-sitosterol, triacontanol fatty alcohol, beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-glucoside, rosmarinic acid, 6-O-pcoumaroyl-beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside). The percentage of the phenolic, flavonoid and steroid contents in CGE were 20.55, 6.74 and 98.09 mu g of gallic acid, quercetin and beta-sitosterol equivalents/mg extract, respectively. In DSS-induced mice, CGE treatment ameliorated DAI, body weight loss and colon shortening. CGE attenuated the DSS-induced colonic histopathological alternations, inflammatory cell infiltration and histological scores. CGE elevated GSH, SOD and catalase levels, and suppressed MDA, pro-inflammatory mediators (MPO and NO) as well as cytokines levels in colonic tissues. Moreover, CGE downregulated LPS/TLR4 signaling, caspase-3 and NF-kappa B expressions. CGE treatment inhibited NLRP3 signaling pathway as indicated by the suppression of the protein expression of NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1, and the ASC mRNA expression in colonic tissues. Addi-tionally, CGE restored tight junction proteins’ (occludin and claudin-1) expressions. Conclusion: Our findings provided evidence for the therapeutic potential of CGE against UC. CGE restored in-testinal mucosal barrier’s integrity, mitigated oxidative stress, inflammatory cascade, as well as NF-kappa B/TLR4 and NLRP3 pathways activation in colonic tissues. Notably, CGE in a dose of 200 mg/kg was more effective in ameliorating DSS-induced UC as compared to SAS at the same dose.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 928-51-8. COA of Formula: C4H9ClO.

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One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 2009-83-8, Name is 6-Chlorohexan-1-ol, formurla is C6H13ClO. In a document, author is Macedo, Gabriela A., introducing its new discovery. Product Details of 2009-83-8.

Integrated microwave- and enzyme-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from olive pomace

The olive pomace (OP) is an underutilized byproduct from the olive oil extraction that has the potential to be used as a source of antioxidant phenolics for nutraceutical applications. The simultaneous use of enzymes (cellulase, pectinase, and tannase) and microwave processing was evaluated with respect to OP phenolic extractability and composition. Microwave-assisted extraction achieved similar phenolic extractability (272 mg GAE/g OP) to conventional solvent extraction using water as a solvent, a higher solids-to-liquid ratio (1:15 vs. 1:50, g/mL), and a shorter reaction time (17 vs. 120 min). The use of enzymes during microwave processing led to increased extractability of phenolics (341 mg GAE/g OP) at higher extraction temperature (60 degrees C) and faster heating strategy (5 min ramp time). Microwave-enzyme-assisted extraction and enzyme-assisted extraction produced phenolic extracts with a higher concentration of phenolic alcohols (22-48 mg/kg) and acids (including hydroxytyrosol) (17-26 mg/kg). Mixtures of pectinase, cellulose and tannase biotransformed OP phenolics thus leading to the production of elenolic acid at 1029 mg/kg.

If you are hungry for even more, make sure to check my other article about 2009-83-8, Product Details of 2009-83-8.

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Reference of 112-60-7, Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. 112-60-7, Name is 2,2′-((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))diethanol, SMILES is OCCOCCOCCOCCO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Yusuf, Abdulfatah Abdu, introduce new discover of the category.

Progress in alcohol-gasoline blends and their effects on the performance and emissions in SI engines under different operating conditions

Bio-alcohol has the potential to be used as an alternative to fossil fuels to reduce the total exhaust emissions from spark-ignition engines. This paper reviewed the most recent experimental studies on fundamental effects of performance, emissions and some combustion characteristics in SI engines. It also provides a guideline for suitable ethanol-gasoline and methanol-gasoline blend rates. Investigations were performed on different engines, operating conditions and rates of fuel blends with varying engine speeds. Most of the results showed that ethanol-gasoline has more benefits compared to methanol-gasoline in terms of exhaust emissions, engine power, and torque output, especially at low engine speed. The small differences in properties between ethanol-gasoline and methanol-gasoline blends are enough to create a significant change in the combustion system. These effects lead to behavioural mechanisms which are not easy to analyze or understand, sometimes make it difficult to identify the fundamentals of how ethanol or methanol affects emissions.

Reference of 112-60-7, Because enzymes can increase reaction rates by enormous factors and tend to be very specific, typically producing only a single product in quantitative yield, they are the focus of active research.you can also check out more blogs about 112-60-7.

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A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 4740-78-7, Name is 1,3-Dioxan-5-ol, molecular formula is C4H8O3. In an article, author is Doaei, Saeid,once mentioned of 4740-78-7, Formula: C4H8O3.

Interactions of anthropometric indices, rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism and breast cancer: A case-control study

Contradictory results were reported on the effect of fat mass- and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and anthropometric measurements on breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to assess the interactions between rs9939609 polymorphism of FTO gene, anthropometric indices and BC risk in Iranian women. This case-control study was performed on 540 women including 180 women with BC and 360 healthy women in Tehran, Iran. Physical activity and dietary intakes were assessed by validated questionnaires. Data on sociodemographic and pathologic factors of the participants as well as their blood samples were collected. The rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism was genotyped using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR). No significant association was found between BC and risk allele of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism after adjustments for the confounders. However, there was a significant association between rs9939609 polymorphism risk allele and BC risk in females with overweight, even after adjusting for age, family history of BC, abortion, BMI and the number of pregnancies (P < .05). The association was disappeared after further adjustments for lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, calorie and macronutrients intake, and physical activity. The FTO gene polymorphism was associated with the risk of BC in overweight individuals. This association was influenced by environmental factors including diet, alcohol consumption and smoking. Future studies are required to confirm the association between the FTO gene and BC in overweight females and to identify the underlying mechanisms. Interested yet? Keep reading other articles of 4740-78-7, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Formula: C4H8O3.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemistry is traditionally divided into organic and inorganic chemistry. The former is the study of compounds containing at least one carbon-hydrogen bonds. 108-82-7, Name is 2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-ol, molecular formula is C9H20O, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is Mahmoud, Toka N., once mentioned the new application about 108-82-7, Application In Synthesis of 2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-ol.

Canna x generalis LH Bailey rhizome extract ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via modulating intestinal mucosal dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and TLR4/ NF-kappa B and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Genus Canna is used in folk medicine as demulcent, diaphoretic, antipyretic, mild laxative and in gastrointestinal upsets therapy. Canna x generalis (CG) L.H. Bailey is traditionally used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic. Besides, CG is used in Ayurvedic medicines’ preparations and in the treatment of boils, wounds, and abscess. Nevertheless, its anti-inflammatory effects against ulcerative colitis (UC) are not yet investigated. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the phytoconstituents of CG rhizome ethanol extract (CGE). Additionally, we aimed to comparatively evaluate its therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms against the reference drug sulphasalazine (SAS) in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Material and methods: Metabolic profiling of CG rhizomes was performed via UHPLC/qTOF-HRMS; the total phenolic, flavonoid and steroid contents were determined, and the main phytoconstituents were isolated and identified. Next, DSS-induced (4%) acute UC was established in C57BL/6 mice. DSS-induced mice were administered either CGE (100 and 200 mg/kg) or SAS (200 mg/kg) for 7 days. Body weight, colon length, disease activity index (DAI) and histopathological alterations in colon tissues were examined. Colon levels of oxidative stress (GSH, MDA, SOD and catalase) and pro-inflammatory [Myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), IL-1 beta, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and INF-gamma] markers were colourimetrically determined. Serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and relative mRNA expressions of occludin, TLR4 and ASC (Apoptosis-Associated Speck-Like Protein Containing CARD) using RT-PCR were measured. Protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and cleaved caspase-1 were determined by Western blot. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examinations of caspase-3, NF-kappa B and claudin-1 were performed. Results: Major identified constituents of CGE were flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, beside five isolated phytoconstituents (beta-sitosterol, triacontanol fatty alcohol, beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-glucoside, rosmarinic acid, 6-O-pcoumaroyl-beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside). The percentage of the phenolic, flavonoid and steroid contents in CGE were 20.55, 6.74 and 98.09 mu g of gallic acid, quercetin and beta-sitosterol equivalents/mg extract, respectively. In DSS-induced mice, CGE treatment ameliorated DAI, body weight loss and colon shortening. CGE attenuated the DSS-induced colonic histopathological alternations, inflammatory cell infiltration and histological scores. CGE elevated GSH, SOD and catalase levels, and suppressed MDA, pro-inflammatory mediators (MPO and NO) as well as cytokines levels in colonic tissues. Moreover, CGE downregulated LPS/TLR4 signaling, caspase-3 and NF-kappa B expressions. CGE treatment inhibited NLRP3 signaling pathway as indicated by the suppression of the protein expression of NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1, and the ASC mRNA expression in colonic tissues. Addi-tionally, CGE restored tight junction proteins’ (occludin and claudin-1) expressions. Conclusion: Our findings provided evidence for the therapeutic potential of CGE against UC. CGE restored in-testinal mucosal barrier’s integrity, mitigated oxidative stress, inflammatory cascade, as well as NF-kappa B/TLR4 and NLRP3 pathways activation in colonic tissues. Notably, CGE in a dose of 200 mg/kg was more effective in ameliorating DSS-induced UC as compared to SAS at the same dose.

We’ll also look at important developments in the pharmaceutical industry because understanding organic chemistry is important in understanding health, medicine, 108-82-7. The above is the message from the blog manager. Application In Synthesis of 2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-ol.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemistry is traditionally divided into organic and inorganic chemistry. The former is the study of compounds containing at least one carbon-hydrogen bonds. 105-13-5, Name is (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol, molecular formula is C8H10O2, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is Nakamura, Jun, once mentioned the new application about 105-13-5, HPLC of Formula: C8H10O2.

An unexpected butadiene diolepoxide-mediated genotoxicity implies alternative mechanism for 1,3-butadiene carcinogenicity

1,3-Butadiene (BD) is abundant in combustion products such as cigarette smoke. While BD has been classified as a known human carcinogen, a long-standing question is the identity of the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite in humans. We hypothesize that 3,4-epoxybutane-1,2-diol (EBD) may play a critical role in human carcinogenesis due to its high bioavailability. We utilized a differential toxicity assay for BD metabolites and newly synthesized EBD analogs in a series of isogenic chicken cells lacking specific DNA repair proteins to address the mode of action of BD genotoxicity and infer a mode of action. Surprisingly, as with the diepoxide 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB), the monoepoxide EBD showed remarkable toxicity to cells deficient in Fanconi anemia (FANC) genes. This observation suggests that EBD may be transformed into a bifunctional metabolite and forms interstrand cross-links. EBD and its analog with a hydroxy substituent at C1 were found to be highly toxic to FANCD2-deficient chicken and human cells. The Results suggest that EBD may be transformed to a bifunctional epoxy aldehyde, perhaps by alcohol dehydrogenase, to which the observed FANC sensitivity could be attributed. The implications of this study are very important in considering mechanisms by which EBD may cause leukemia and lymphoma in humans exposed to BD. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

We’ll also look at important developments in the pharmaceutical industry because understanding organic chemistry is important in understanding health, medicine, 105-13-5. The above is the message from the blog manager. HPLC of Formula: C8H10O2.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 1562-00-1, Name is Sodium isethionate, SMILES is [Na+].OCCS([O-])(=O)=O, in an article , author is Barbosa, Raul, once mentioned of 1562-00-1, SDS of cas: 1562-00-1.

Bright and persistent green and red light-emitting fine fibers: A potential candidate for smart textiles

The properties of smart light-emitting textile/fabric with a persistent afterglow can be beneficial for use in anticounterfeiting, night surveillance, and security trooping among other potential applications. Keeping this in mind, this work is a step forward in designing bright green and red emitting poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) fine fibers. We first synthesized green emitting Zn2GeO4:Mn2+ (ZGOM) and red emitting ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ (ZGOC) nanoparticles using a hydrothermal process. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images depicted the formation of nanomds and sub-10 nm nanoparticles for ZGOM and ZGOC, respectively. These nanoparticles were mixed in a PVA solution and spun into fiber using the Forcespinning (R) technology. FESEM images of the fiber samples show the presence of long, bead-free, defect-free, smooth surfaces with the diameters ranging from 200 nm to 1.2 mu m depending on selected processing parameters; a fiber system was selected considering fiber output and fiber diameter, the selected system had fibers with average diameter of 900 nm for both ZGOM and ZGOC encapsulated PVA fine fibers (MG-PF and CR-PF). Another favorable property was that the thermal stability of the PVA fine fibers was not affected by the nanoparticles. Both MF-PF and CR-PF fine fibers depicted a bright green and red luminescence, respectively, under UV excitation. The fiber can easily accommodate loading up to 1.0% weight without doing any kind of fluorescence quenching. MG-PF fiber displayed a bright and substantial green persistence luminescence up to 500 s. In the case of CR-PF there is a quenching of trap states and therefore intrinsic red persistence luminescence is not retained beyond 100 s. We believe such green fiber if smartly woven in any kind of textile materials/fabric can be an efficient solution to deal with cloth counterfeiting and night surveillance.

Interested yet? Read on for other articles about 1562-00-1, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. SDS of cas: 1562-00-1.

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A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 770-71-8, Name is Adamantan-1-ylmethanol, molecular formula is C11H18O. In an article, author is Sharma, Teenu,once mentioned of 770-71-8, Recommanded Product: 770-71-8.

An HPTLC densitometric method for simultaneous quantification of sorafenib tosylate and chrysin: Analytical method development, validation and applications

Since decades, the plant bioactives have shown tremendous promise in the therapeutic management of cancer. Lately, many synthetic drugs and natural bioactive molecules have been used in combination for potential synergism in cancer therapeutics. Sorafenib (SFN) and chrysin (CHR) form one of such promising combinations with definitive synergistic potential in cancer therapy. This has, however, given rise to analytical challenges, as it becomes quite difficult to identify and quantify two or more active moieties simultaneously in the presence of each other. Herein, we report the development and validation of an HPTLC densitometric method for analysis of SFN and CHR, in combination, followed by studying the effect of biological matrix (i.e., plasma), on the assay of both the molecules. Solvent system, comprising of toluene: n-hexane: isopropyl alcohol (7:2:1), was employed for chromatographic separation with Rf values of 0.3 and 0.5, for SFN and CHR, respectively. Validation studies established linearity for the concentrations ranging from 20 to 800 ng/band for each of the molecules, along with high degree of accuracy, precision (intraand inter-day), ruggedness, robustness, and sensitivity of the liquid chromatographic method. Specificity studies using plasma as the biological matrix, exhibited well-resolved peaks of both the molecules, coupled with high recovery values too. The aforesaid method was finally applied to the estimation of real plasma levels in Wistar rats, following co-administration of SFN and CHR as a suspension. In a nutshell, the validated analytical method can be productively applied for simultaneous estimation of SFN and CHR, for routine analysis, in drug formulations and in biological matrices like plasma.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 1777-82-8, Name is (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol, SMILES is OCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl, in an article , author is Fuentealba, Claudia, once mentioned of 1777-82-8, SDS of cas: 1777-82-8.

Cell wall and metabolite composition of sweet cherry fruits from two cultivars with contrasting susceptibility to surface pitting during storage

Surface pitting is a serious postharvest physiological disorder in sweet cherries that is observed as skin depressions developed days after bruising. This work aims to compare two cultivars displaying different pitting susceptibilities (‘Kordia’: relatively resistant; ‘Sweetheart’: relatively susceptible) using metabolomics profiling and cell wall sugar characterization at different developmental stages and during postharvest storage. Kordia was significantly firmer than Sweetheart, with 1.4-fold more alcohol-insoluble residues (AIRs). A significant correlation was observed between AIRs and deformation, indicating that the highest yields of cell wall material are positively correlated with the resistance to rupture. Additionally, free D-galacturonic acid was higher in pitted Sweetheart samples, likely indicating greater pectin degradation in this susceptible cultivar. Higher contents of the p-coumaric acid derivatives L-5-oxoproline and D-galactose in Sweetheart cherries were found. The metabolic changes during storage and cell wall composition could influence the susceptibility to surface pitting.

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Related Products of 108-82-7, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C–H bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 108-82-7, Name is 2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-ol, SMILES is CC(C)CC(O)CC(C)C, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Cheng, Chu, introduce new discover of the category.

Fabrication and electrochemical property of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 and (ZrO2)(0.92)(Y2O3)(0.08) interface for trace alcohols sensor

A mixed potential type alcohols gas sensor based on an yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte and an La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM) sensing electrode was fabricated. The influences of YSZ-LSM interface on sensing performance were studied by multiple methods including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy (EIS). The sensor with 1150 degrees C-sintered interface showed an ultralow detection limit of 50 ppb alcohols (methanol and ethanol) at 500 degrees C in air. The response voltage was independent of water, CO, CO2 and NOx. The sensor exhibited a reasonable selectivity towards alcohols under the existence of several kinds of volatile organic compounds. Meanwhile, the sensor showed a good repeatability and a suitable long-term stability. Based on the polarization curves and EIS results, a mixed potential mechanism was proposed. These results demonstrate the promising potential of using the LSM-based sensor for human exhale test.

Related Products of 108-82-7, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 108-82-7.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts