Month: April 2021

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 112-27-6, Name is 2,2′-(Ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))diethanol, SMILES is OCCOCCOCCO, in an article , author is Srivastava, Rohit, once mentioned of 112-27-6, HPLC of Formula: C6H14O4.

A new biomimetic set -up to understand the role of the kinematic, mechanical, and surface characteristics of the tongue in food oral tribological studies

A biomimetic tribological set-up was developed to better integrate physiological characteristics in oral friction studies. Polyvinyl alcohol was used to design tongue-mimicking samples (TMSs) with controlled bulk rigidity and surface roughness. The set-up allowed normal stresses and sequences of shearing motion to be applied between a TMS and a rectangular aluminum plate mimicking the hard palate. Cottage cheese with and without suspended microcrystalline cellulose particles of two sizes (small: 15 mu m and large: 250 mu m) was used as the model food in the experiments, making it possible to introduce heterogeneities well above the perception threshold, which often get excluded in conventional tribology studies. The feasibility of the set-up was tested by measuring how friction coefficient values were affected by food properties (viscosity, particle presence), TMS properties (surface roughness, bulk rigidity), and operational parameters (normal stress, shearing velocity). The measurements with the set-up were found to be repeatable, confirming its reliability. Particle presence led to increases in friction coefficient values, while food viscosity showed less of an influence, comparatively. Increases in the surface roughness and bulk rigidity of the TMSs led to a pronounced augmentation of the friction coefficient values. The friction coefficient values showed dependence on normal stress, increase in normal stress led to significant decrease in friction. Moreover, friction notably increased between the lowest and highest shearing velocities. In conclusion, this set-up proved to be efficient and reliable in measuring friction coefficient values and variation, paving the way for a better understanding of oral tribology and its dynamic nature.

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One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 5333-42-6, Name is 2-octyldodecan-1-ol, formurla is C20H42O. In a document, author is Wagner, Janine, introducing its new discovery. Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Effect of ethanol on the microstructure and rheological properties of whey proteins: Acid-induced cold gelation

The microstructure and mechanical properties of ethanol-denatured, acid-induced whey protein (WPI) cold-set gels have been monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy and rheology. As the ethanol concentration increased, the porosity of the gels progressively decreased, with gels prepared at ethanol concentrations of 50 and 70 g/100 g lacking microscopically visible pores. Large aggregates were observed at ethanol concentrations of 70 g/100 g immediately after alcohol addition. A sharp increase in storage modulus was noted at ethanol concentrations between 30 and 50 g/100 g, while the gel strength at 50 g/100 g, was up to three times higher compared to that of heat-denatured gels. In general, the ethanol-denatured whey protein cold-set gels were prone to phase separation. Ethanol-denatured cold-set whey protein gels exhibited mechanical and microstructural properties that may offer alternative means of structuring protein-enriched food formulations and designing novel food products.

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In an article, author is Shekarsaraee, S., once mentioned the application of 13325-10-5, Recommanded Product: 4-Aminobutan-1-ol, Name is 4-Aminobutan-1-ol, molecular formula is C4H11NO, molecular weight is 89.14, MDL number is MFCD00008230, category is alcohols-buliding-blocks. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category.

Measurement, Correlation and Prediction of LLE Data for the Ternary System Water

In this study, tie-line points and solubility data were experimentally measured for the ternary mixture (water + lactic acid + diethyl ether) at T = 293.2 K and atmospheric pressure. UNIFAC calculations predicted that lactic acid and diethyl ether do not form an azeotrope. The mass fractions of organic and aqueous layers were determined by acid-base and the Karl Fisher titrations. Cloud point method verified that the LLE behavior of the studied system is Type-1. The reliability of the tie-line points was demonstrated by the Othmer-Tobias and Hand plots. Thermodynamic correlation of tie-line data was done by NRTL model and the obtained binary interaction parameters were tested after validation. The experimental and correlated data had very good accordance (rmsd = 0.88%). Extraction quality of diethyl ether was investigated using the calculation of distribution coefficients and separation factors over the immiscibility area. Separation factors decreased from 1.93 to 1.13 when aqueous mass fraction of lactic acid increased from 0.070 to 0.305. However, distribution coefficient increased from 0.07 to 0.12 in the same region. The study shows that the extraction of lactic acid is possible in all investigated feeds at 293.2 K.

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Application of 42142-52-9, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 42142-52-9, Name is 3-(Methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol, SMILES is OC(C1=CC=CC=C1)CCNC, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Hsieh, Pei-Shan, introduce new discover of the category.

Lactobacillus spp. reduces ethanol-induced liver oxidative stress and inflammation in a mouse model of alcoholic steatohepatitis

Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) is a complex multifactorial disease that can lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis if not treated promptly. Alcohol-induced oxidative stress and inflammation are the main factors that cause steatohepatitis and liver injury; however, probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract have been revealed to regulate immune responses and reduce oxidative stress, suggesting that functional probiotics could help to prevent ASH and liver injury. Despite numerous reports on the interactions between ASH and probiotics, the mechanisms underlying probiotic-mediated liver protection remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to screen probiotics with high antioxidant capacity and investigate the ability of different probiotic combinations to reduce alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in a mouse model. It was identified that Lactobacillus plantarum (TSP05), Lactobacillus fermentum (TSF331) and Lactobacillus reuteri (TSR332) neutralized free radicals and displayed high antioxidant activity in vitro. In addition, these three functional probiotic strains protected mice from alcohol-induced liver injury in vivo. Mice treated with the probiotics demonstrated significantly lower alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and triglyceride levels, which were associated with the downregulation of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6. Furthermore, probiotic treatment upregulated glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity, which are bioindicators of oxidative stress in the liver. Collectively, the present results indicated that Lactobacillus strains TSP05, TSF331 and TSR332 reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, thus preventing ASH development and liver injury.

Application of 42142-52-9, One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 42142-52-9.

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A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 112-60-7, Name is 2,2′-((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))diethanol, molecular formula is C8H18O5. In an article, author is Kanari, Moriyasu,once mentioned of 112-60-7, Name: 2,2′-((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))diethanol.

Nanoindentation determination for mechanical properties of submillimeter boron carbide particles simulating fuel debris fragments

It is essential to characterize fuel debris fragments that are to be retrieved from reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi power station prior to their large-scale retrieval. Using nanoindentation (NI) test, we have determined the mechanical properties of boron carbide (B4C) particles currently used to simulate hard covalent materials as included in the debris. We also examined the measurable minimum size among the particles sized to three types and found suitable sample preparation methods. While the minimum size was limited to 1000 m among the particles fixed with grease in molding process, it was brought down to 500 m by alternative polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films. Indentation moduli of these successfully measured B4C particles are consistent with a referential value of 431 GPa with a difference of 3.5%. Furthermore, the hardness values of the particles are slightly lower than a referential value of 21.8 GPa within uncertainty of 9%. The particle surfaces were polished enough with only the roughest #240 abrasive papers, and surface flatness was a key issue for the successful indentation but not surface roughness. As a result of the detachment caused during polishing, both 500 m particles and 100 m particles fixed with the grease were insufficiently flattened, and then the indenter was slipped on the inclined surfaces during the NI tests. The values of modulus and hardness are at the minimum for the 100 m particles at decreasing rates of 46% and 42% to the referential values. The thin uniform PVA films reduced the projection amount of the 500 m particles from the surrounding resin and prevented the particle detachment during polishing. Residual resin was distinguished from an underlaying B4C particle using the NI tests. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 3452-97-9, Name is 3,5,5-Trimethylhexan-1-ol, formurla is C9H20O. In a document, author is Li, Yanyue, introducing its new discovery. COA of Formula: C9H20O.

Different fluorescence emitting copper nanoclusters protected by egg white and double-emission fluorescent probe for fast detection of ethanol

Green emitting copper nanoclusters (G-Cu NCs), yellow emitting Cu NCs (Y-Cu NCs), orange emitting Cu NCs (O-Cu NCs) and red emitting Cu NCs (R-Cu NCs) were prepared using chicken egg white as the stabilizer by changing the reaction conditions. This is a green, facile and cheap method to explore different color emitting CuNCs by the same precursor and stabilizers. The G-Cu NCs were employed for the detection of ethanol due to their aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE) effect. The fluorescence emission of Cu NCs at 526 nm under the excitation of 444 nm can be effectively enhanced in the presence of ethanol due to AIEE effect, thus realizing the quantitative determination of ethanol content in the range 5-60%. In addition, a visual dual-emission fluorescence probe with the combination of G-Cu NCs and silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs/G-Cu NCs) was designed to evaluate ethanol content conveniently and rapidly. Desirable linear relationship is observed between ratio of fluorescence intensity (I-525/I-441) and ethanol content under the excitation of 383 nm. Visible color transformation of this probe is observed in the ethanol content range 2-20%. Moreover, the ethanol sensing platforms were applied to the detection and evaluation of the alcohol content of liquor, and the recoveries in liquor were in the range 99.7% to 113%, broadening the applications of Cu NCs and providing a sensitive detection method for ethanol.

I hope this article can help some friends in scientific research. I am very proud of our efforts over the past few months and hope to 3452-97-9 help many people in the next few years. COA of Formula: C9H20O.

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Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics, Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethanol, 702-23-8, Name is 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethanol, SMILES is COC1=CC=C(CCO)C=C1, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Porey, Arka, introduce the new discover.

Hydrogen-Bonding Assisted Catalytic Kinetic Resolution of Acyclic beta-Hydroxy Amides

Enantioenriched acyclic alpha-substituted beta-hydroxy amides are valuable compounds in chemical, material and medicinal sciences, but their enantioselective synthesis remains challenging. A catalytic kinetic resolution (KR) of such amides with selectivity factor(s) up to >200 is developed via enantioselective acylation of primary alcohol with N-heterocyclic carbene. An enhanced selectivity for the catalytic KR process is realized using cyclic tertiary amine as base additive. Diastereomeric transition state models for the process are proposed to rationalize the origin of enantioselectivity.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 702-23-8. Safety of 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethanol.

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Chemistry is the experimental and theoretical study of materials on their properties at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. 2854-16-2, Name is 1-Amino-2-methylpropan-2-ol, molecular formula is C4H11NO. In an article, author is Wang, Zhenkai,once mentioned of 2854-16-2, HPLC of Formula: C4H11NO.

Oxone activation by UVA-irradiated Fe-III-NTA complex: Efficacy, radicals formation and mechanism on crotamiton degradation

This study demonstrated an efficient activation of Oxone by ultraviolet light A-irradiated Fe-III-nitrilotriacetate complex to induce the generation of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals (i.e., SO4 center dot- and HO center dot) under initial neutral pH. The important parameters such as the solution pH, the molar ratio of nitrilotriacetate:Fe-III, the dosages of Oxone and Fe-III-nitrilotriacetate complex were evaluated in terms of the degradation kinetics of an emerging contaminant Crotamiton. The results indicated that fast degradation rates of crotamiton were achieved under initial circumneutral conditions (e.g., pH 5.0-7.0), with apparent rate constants at 0.0936-0.1287 min(-1) (the ultraviolet light fluence-based rate constants at 0.48-0.66 J(-1) cm(2)). In addition, the optimal molar ratio of nitrilotriacetate:Fe-III was determined as 1:1, larger ratios decreased the degradation rate of crotamiton due to the competition effect of nitrilotriacetate on SO4 center dot-. The suitable dosages of Oxone and Fe-III-nitrilotriacetate complex were determined as 0.5 mM and 0.1 mM, respectively. Under the given optimal conditions, more than 99% degradation efficiency of crotamiton was achieved at an ultraviolet light fluence of 3.90 J cm(-2), better than those results obtained by the activation of S2O82- and H2O2. The results of quenching tests (tert-butyl alcohol and 2-propanol as scavengers) suggested that SO4 center dot- and HO center dot contributed similar to 65% and 35% to the degradation of crotamiton, respectively. Furthermore, the identified intermediates includes hydroxy-crotamiton, dihydroxy-crotamiton, aldehyde-crotamiton, aldehyde-dihydroxy-crotamiton, N-ethyl-2,3-dihydroxy-N-(o-tolyl)butanamide, (E)-N-ethyl-N-phenylbut-2-enamide, 2-(ethylamino)benzaldehyde and/or 2-(o-tolylamino)acetaldehyde, and (E)-N-ethylbut-2-enamide. The results indicated that the SO4 center dot- preferentially attacked on the amide and methyl groups of crotamiton. This work provided insight into the efficacy, radicals formation and mechanism on the activation of Oxone by ultraviolet light A-irradiated FeIII-nitrilotriacetate complex, offering an alternative approach for advanced water treatment.

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Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. In an article, author is Scherger, Maximilian, once mentioned the application of 623-50-7, Name is Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate, molecular formula is C4H8O3, molecular weight is 104.1045, MDL number is MFCD00021970, category is alcohols-buliding-blocks. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, SDS of cas: 623-50-7.

Self-Immolative RAFT-Polymer End Group Modification

Reversible modifications of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)-polymerization derived end groups are usually limited to reductive degradable disulfide conjugates. However, self-immolative linkers can promote ligation and traceless release of primary and secondary amines as well as alcohols via carbonates or carbamates in beta-position to disulfides. In this study, these two strategies are combined and the concept of self-immolative RAFT-polymer end group modifications is introduced: As model compounds, benzylamine, dibenzylamine, and benzyl alcohol are first attached as carbamates or carbonates to a symmetrical disulfide, and in a straightforward one-pot reaction these groups are reversibly attached to aminolyzed trithiocarbonate end groups of RAFT-polymerized poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide). Quantitative end group modification is confirmed by H-1 NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and mass spectrometry, while reversible release of attached compounds under physiological reductive conditions is successfully monitored by diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy and thin layer chromatography. Additionally, this concept is further expanded to protein-reactive, self-immolative carbonate species that enable reversible bioconjugation of lysozyme and alpha-macrophage mannose receptor (MMR) nanobodies as model proteins. Altogether, self-immolative RAFT end group modifications can form the new basis for reversible introduction of various functionalities to polymer chain ends including protein bioconjugates and, thus, opening novel opportunities for stimuli-responsive polymer hybrids.

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Synthetic Route of 108-82-7, Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. 108-82-7, Name is 2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-ol, SMILES is CC(C)CC(O)CC(C)C, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Chen, Daniel Rui, introduce new discover of the category.

Electrochemical activation to enhance the volumetric performance of carbon nanotube electrodes

In recent years, the floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method has established itself as one of the most commercially viable methods to produce carbon nanotubes (CNTs). However, at the final stage of the FCCVD process, densification of the web of CNTs to form a sheet causes a significant loss in the active surface area of the CNTs. This loss of surface area reduces the density of active materials that can be infiltrated into the CNT sheet. Reducing the amount of active material in the sheet reduces the charge storage capacity and causes low volumetric performance for CNT sheet in energy storage applications. Here, we are reporting the use of an electrochemical activation technique to chemically functionalize the CNT surface and recover the lost surface area. Chemical functionalization separates the CNTs and thereby increases the density of active materials that can be integrated into the CNT sheet. In order to avoid deterioration of the CNT structure from excessive electrochemical activation, we have optimized the procedure by comparing the performance of four samples of CNT sheets prepared using different numbers of cycles of electrochemical activation (5, 10, 20, 40 cycles). The performance of the sheet was analyzed using specific capacitance measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. In addition, the Randle-Sevcik plot was used to select the CNTs with the largest activated surface area and electrochemical specific capacitance (150F/g). Further analysis such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was also carried out to unveil a 5% increase of the various oxygen-containing functional groups at the surface of the activated CNTs. Polyaniline (PANI) was then deposited on the surface of the electrochemically altered CNTs via an oxidation polymerization process to create a CNT-PANI composite material. A fully fabricated device with CNT-PANI electrodes and Polyvinylidene fluoride – 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (PVDF-EMIMBF4) electrolyte showed a significant specific capacitance improvement over a device with Poly(vinyl alcohol) -Sulfuric acid (PVA-H2SO4) electrolyte. The PVDF-EMIMBF4 capacitor device had a volumetric energy density of 833.3 mu M/h/cm(3) at a current density of 0.5 mA/cm(2). The capacitor has good mechanical flexibility and high capacitance retention (75% after 5000 cycles), which show the advantages of the electrochemical activation method.

Synthetic Route of 108-82-7, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 108-82-7.

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