Month: April 2021

Reactions catalyzed within inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media, causing turnover rates to depend strongly on interfacial structure and composition, 112-47-0, Name is 1,10-Decanediol, SMILES is OCCCCCCCCCCO, in an article , author is Zhao, Shuyan, once mentioned of 112-47-0, Recommanded Product: 112-47-0.

Formation of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) during the exposure of earthworms to 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA)

6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA) is a novel perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) alternative used globally in aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs). Although 6:2 FTSA has been recently detected in the environment, its fate in terrestrial invertebrates remains unclear. The uptake, elimination and biotransformation of 6:2 FTSA in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were investigated after in vivo and in vitro exposure. 6:2 FTSA could be biodegraded by microorganismsin soil to trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA). The uptake rate constant (k(u)) and biotato-soil accumulation factor (BSAF) of 6:2 FTSA in earthworms were 0.185 g(oc)/g(ww)/d and 0.685 g(oc)/g(ww), respectively, indicating high bioaccumulative ability in earthworms. Five terminal perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) metabolites, including TFA, PFPrA, PFBA, PFPeA and PFHxA were observed in both in vivo and in vitro exposure tests, with TFA as the predominant metabolite. However, no perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) was observed in the present study. The elimination rate constants (ke) increased in the order: 6:2 FTSA (0.057/d) < TFA (0.058/d) < PFPrA (0.071/d) < PFBA (0.084/d) < PFHxA (0.182/d) < PFPeA (0.193/d). Biodegradation of 6:2 FTSA in the earthworm homogenates, cytolchrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme solutions and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) enzyme solutions fitted well with the first order kinetics. The biotransformation rate constants (k) were in the following order: homogenates (0.012/h) > CYP450 (0.009/h) > GST (0.007/h), implying that CYP450 and GST were involved in biotransformation of 6:2 FTSA in earthworms. This study provides important theoretical evidence for the fate of 6:2 FTSA in earthworms. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 112-47-0, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Recommanded Product: 112-47-0.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Application of 4719-04-4, Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. 4719-04-4, Name is 2,2′,2”-(1,3,5-Triazinane-1,3,5-triyl)triethanol, SMILES is OCCN1CN(CCO)CN(CCO)C1, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Dong, Mengxian, introduce new discover of the category.

Highly enantioselective transfer hydrogenation catalyzed by diasteromeric mixtures of axially chiral (aR,S)- and (aS,S)-Biscarbolines

The mixtures of axially chiral (aR,S)- and (aS,S)-biscarboline alcohols were firstly used as catalysts in enantioselective 1,2- and 1,4-transfer hydrogenations of ketimines and beta-enamino esters, respectively. This mixed axially chiral catalysts exhibited excellent enantioselectivity (up to 98%ee) in the transfer hydrogenations under mild reaction conditions. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Application of 4719-04-4, Consequently, the presence of a catalyst will permit a system to reach equilibrium more quickly, but it has no effect on the position of the equilibrium as reflected in the value of its equilibrium constant.I hope my blog about 4719-04-4 is helpful to your research.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 104-38-1, Name is 1,4-Bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzene, formurla is C10H14O4. In a document, author is Narayanan, Vimalasruthi, introducing its new discovery. Formula: C10H14O4.

Electrospun poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibers incorporating caffeic acid/cyclodextrins through the supramolecular assembly for antibacterial activity

Here, we prepared the solid inclusion complexes between Caffeic acid (CA) and Cyclodextrins (beta- and gamma-CDs) (CA/CDs) that were effectively embedded into Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) electrospun nanofibers via electrospinning technique to enhanced solubility and antibacterial activity. In tested Cyclodextrins are beta and gamma-CDs with CA in the ratio of 1:1 resulting in the formation of CA/CDs by co-precipitation method. The physical properties of CA/CDs were examined by FT-IR, UV, and Raman Spectroscopy. The phase solubility test showed a much higher solubility of CA due to inclusion complexes (ICs). Furthermore, CA/beta-CD and CA/gamma-CD perfected achieved 0.70:1 and 0.80:1 the molar ratio of ICs, confirmed by NMR studies. The fiber size distribution, average diameter, and morphology features were evaluated by SEM analysis. The dissolution profile of PVA/CA and PVA/CA/CDs were tested within 150 min, resulting in CA dissolved in PVA/CA/CDs slightly higher than PVA/CA nanofibers due to enhanced solubility of ICs. Moreover, PVA/CA/CDs exhibit high antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria of E-Coli and gram-negative bacteria of S. aureus. Finally, these results suggest that PVA/CA/CDs may be promising materials for active food packaging applications. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Reference of 5333-42-6, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C–H bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 5333-42-6, Name is 2-octyldodecan-1-ol, SMILES is CCCCCCCCCCC(CCCCCCCC)CO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Morgenstern, Jon, introduce new discover of the category.

An efficacy trial of adaptive interventions for alcohol use disorder

Background: Adaptive interventions, sometimes referred to as stepped care, are those interventions in which the type or dosage of treatment offered to patients is tailored to baseline clinical presentation and then adjusted over time in response to patient progress or lack thereof. Currently, no adaptive brief interventions exist specifically for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Method: This study used a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial design with 160 individuals with AUD recruited both locally and nationally who had a goal to reduce or abstain from drinking. Participants received brief advice (BA) and then the study reassessed them three weeks later; the study randomized those who did not respond to BA, defined as reducing their drinking to low-risk guidelines, to two session of motivational interviewing (MI) or more BA. The study then reassessed participants at week 8. The study re-randomized non-responders to receive either MI alone or MI plus behavioral self-control therapy (BSCT), also referred to as coping skills therapy, and evaluated participants at week 13. Results: Overall, participants receiving any BSCT made the greatest reductions in drinking. Participants who received MI at week 4 and BSCT at week 8 outperformed all other groups. Conclusion: Findings reveal that prolonged treatment, more sessions, and/or a specific combination of MI and BSCT provided optimal outcomes. Future research should determine whether such an algorithm holds across heterogenous groups of individuals with AUD.

Reference of 5333-42-6, Because enzymes can increase reaction rates by enormous factors and tend to be very specific, typically producing only a single product in quantitative yield, they are the focus of active research.you can also check out more blogs about 5333-42-6.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 616-29-5, Name is 1,3-Diaminopropan-2-ol, molecular formula is C3H10N2O, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is He, Chang, introduce the new discover, Safety of 1,3-Diaminopropan-2-ol.

In vitro biotransformation and evaluation of potential transformation products of chlorinated paraffins by high resolution accurate mass spectrometry

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are high production chemicals, which leads to their ubiquitous presence in the environment. To date, few studies have measured CPs in humans and typically at relatively low concentrations, despite indications that exposure may be high compared to various persistent organic pollutants. The aim of this study is to investigate the in vitro biotransformation of CPs by human liver fractions. We determined the changes of the CP concentrations after the enzymatic transformation with human liver microsomes using a two-tiered in vitro approach. CP concentrations decreased with human liver microsomes, with the decreases of 33-94% after incubating with different groups of enzymes for 2 h. The profiles of CP rapidly shifted after the incubation with human liver microsomes. In addition, the concentrations of CPs and the biotransformation products were tentatively measured using high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis, including very short CP (carbon chain length <10), alcohols, ketones, and carboxylic acids. C-C bond cleavage is a potential transformation pathway for CPs, and ketones are potential products of CP biotransformation, especially for long-chain CPs (C->17). The ketone products may be investigated as CP exposure biomarker in biomonitoring studies.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 616-29-5. Safety of 1,3-Diaminopropan-2-ol.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Reference of 2516-33-8, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 2516-33-8, Name is Cyclopropylmethanol, SMILES is OCC1CC1, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Ding, Yongjie, introduce new discover of the category.

Development of bio oil and bio asphalt by hydrothermal liquefaction using lignocellulose

Bio asphalt is an organic polymer derived from biomass resources, which has the potential to partially or completely replace petroleum asphalt. This study used lignocellulose to prepare bio oil by hydrothermal liquefaction method. A mixed solvent of ethanol and ethylene glycol was introduced to increase the oil yield and decrease the reaction temperature. The oil yield reached the highest when solvent mixing ratio of 1:1, liquid-solid ratio of 6:1, catalyst dosage of 3%, and reaction temperature of 250 degrees C respectively. The bio oil and 50# asphalt were mixed in proportion sheared for 30 min (1000 rpm) under the condition of 135 degrees C to produce bio asphalt. The chemical structures and rheological properties of bio oil and bio asphalt were investigated and compared with petroleum asphalt. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analysis indicate that the bio oil expressed a lower H/C ratio, higher O content and more light components including liquid compounds comparing to the petroleum asphalt. The content of the polar group including O-H and C=O of bio oil was higher than that of petroleum asphalt. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to prove the presence of olefins and alcohols in bio oil. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the bio oil expressed better thermal stability than that of petroleum asphalt, which expressed a potential of using as a pavement material. The dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) results showed that the complex shear modulus, G* decreased as the content of bio oil. The Glass transition temperature Tg indicated that the bio asphalt with 10% bio oil content showed similar performance with that of 70# asphalt. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Reference of 2516-33-8, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 2516-33-8.

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Related Products of 3391-86-4, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 3391-86-4, Name is Oct-1-en-3-ol, SMILES is C=CC(O)CCCCC, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Haghighi, Hossein, introduce new discover of the category.

Characterization of bio-nanocomposite films based on gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol blend reinforced with bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers for food packaging applications

Bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers (BCNW) were synthesized from Komagataeibacter xylinus (strain K2G30; UMCC 2756) using sulfuric acid hydrolysis and incorporated into a gelatin-polyvinyl alcohol (GL/PVA) blend film matrix. The effect of BCNW content (1-10 wt% of biopolymer) on the microstructural, mechanical, optical, and water barrier properties of bio-nanocomposites was studied. Transmission electron microscopy showed that BCNW had a needle shape morphology with an average length of 600 nm and an average width of 30 nm. The crystallinity index of BCNW was 94.7% using X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) illustrated good miscibility between GL/PVA blend film matrix and BCNW up to 7.5 wt%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode showed molecular interactions between functional groups of the GL/PVA blend film matrix and BCNW. The incorporation of BCNW up to 7.5% into the GL/PVA blend reduced the water vapor transmission rate and water vapor permeability by about 22% and 14%, respectively, while tensile strength, elongation at break, and elastic modulus increased by about 21.5%, 41% and 19%, respectively (p < 0.05). Films transparency was not affected by the addition of BCNW (p > 0.05) suggesting that the BCNW were dispersed uniformly at the nanoscale. All films were colorless (Delta E*<2) with low opacity value (<2) comparable to synthetic plastics. Overall, the characterization of functional properties revealed that GL/PVA blend film reinforced with BCNW could be used as an environmentally friendly packaging material to partially replace or reduce the use of current petroleum-based packaging materials. Related Products of 3391-86-4, Consequently, the presence of a catalyst will permit a system to reach equilibrium more quickly, but it has no effect on the position of the equilibrium as reflected in the value of its equilibrium constant.I hope my blog about 3391-86-4 is helpful to your research.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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In an article, author is Zhu, Pengqi, once mentioned the application of 27646-80-6, Name is 2-Methyl-2-(methylamino)propan-1-ol, molecular formula is C5H13NO, molecular weight is 103.17, MDL number is MFCD12184529, category is alcohols-buliding-blocks. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, Product Details of 27646-80-6.

Synergistic interaction between Ru and MgAl-LDH support for efficient hydrogen transfer reduction of carbonyl compounds under visible light

Coordinated Ru species, Ru/LDH, were applied to the reduction of carbonyl compounds via blue light irradiation under mild (45 degrees C, atmospheric argon pressure), ligand-free, and additive-free conditions. LDH can act as an efficient base catalyst to assist in formation of isopropoxide, requiring no additional base, because basic OH groups form an ordered distribution on LDH surface. The coordinated Ru species containing one OH and three oxygen atoms ligands deriving from the OH groups of LDH are a crucial component, for securing the active electron-deficient Ru species that favours formation of Ru-isopropoxide. The photocatalytic activity is related to the adsorption capacity of isopropyl alcohol near the electron-deficient Ru species and the formation of Ru-isopropoxide. The strong-metal-support interactions between Ru and LDH affect the coordination and the electronic surroundings of the Ru centres and have a significant effect on the photocatalytic activity.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Chemistry is an experimental science, SDS of cas: 104-38-1, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 104-38-1, Name is 1,4-Bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzene, molecular formula is C10H14O4, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Mallik, Sarah.

An undercover problem in the Muslim community: A qualitative study of imams’ perspectives on substance use

Background: Mainstream Islam prohibits alcohol and other drugs, yet substance use is prevalent in Muslim-American communities. Previous studies have not examined how imams, leaders of mosques, address substance use in their communities. This study aimed to explore imams’ perspectives and approaches toward Muslim Americans with substance use disorders (SUD). Methods: Qualitative study of imams in New York City recruited by convenience sampling. We conducted one-on-one semi-structured interviews to address how imams perceive and address substance use. Using an inductive thematic analysis approach, we created an initial coding scheme which was refined iteratively, identified prominent themes, and created an explanatory model to depict relationships between themes. Results: All imams described substance use within a shared underlying framework of religious prohibition of alcohol and other drugs. Their perceptions of individuals with SUD diverged between a focus on sin, shame, and social disruption vs. a focus on acceptance and forgiveness. Furthermore, imams diverged between conceptualizing their communities as comprising mosque-going individuals without SUD vs. broader communities that include individuals with SUD. While imams acknowledged how some imams’ judgmental language toward SUD may perpetuate stigma, they also identified therapeutic approaches toward SUD: non-judgmental engagement, encouragement of recovery, prayer, and referral to resources. Conclusions: This study is among the first to illustrate the range of perceptions and approaches to substance use among Muslim American imams. These perceptions have potentially divergent impacts-shaming or assisting individuals with SUD. An understanding of these complexities can inform provision of culturally competent care to Muslim-American patients with SUD.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 104-38-1. SDS of cas: 104-38-1.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Synthetic Route of 124-76-5, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 124-76-5, Name is Isoborneol, SMILES is CC1(C)C2(C)CCC1CC2O, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Madden, Mary, introduce new discover of the category.

Introducing alcohol as a drug in medicine reviews with pharmacists: Findings from a co-design workshop with patients

Introduction Alcohol poses a range of potential problems to people taking medications, but health professionals are usually not comfortable talking about drinking with patients. The Medicines and Alcohol Consultation aims to increase the capacity of pharmacists to conduct person-centred reviews in which alcohol is regarded as another drug to be discussed alongside medications. This paper explores sensitivities in discussing alcohol and views on the legitimacy of the Medicines and Alcohol Consultation intervention concept at a pharmacy-user intervention co-design workshop. Methods A co-design workshop was held with 14 people recruited from UK community pharmacies who regularly drank alcohol and took medications for long-term conditions. This formed one element of a broader, iterative, intervention co-production process. Workshop discussions were audio-recorded and analysed thematically. Results The basic intervention concept resonated well, though not entirely unproblematically. Participants were interested in receiving information on how medications interact with alcohol and how this might affect their own conditions, with which to make their own informed choices. Linking alcohol use to medicines gave legitimacy to pharmacists to raise alcohol in medicines reviews. Sensitivity in talking about alcohol was linked to vulnerability to negative judgement. Discussion and Conclusions Changing the framing of alcohol in medicines reviews, away from being regarded as a ‘lifestyle issue’ to being considered a drug directly linked to medicines use, safety and effectiveness, was welcomed by participants in this study.

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Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts