Month: April 2021

Chemistry can be defined as the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. You’ll sometimes hear it called the central science because it is the connection between physics and all the other sciences, starting with biology. 6338-55-2, Name is 2-(2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol, molecular formula is , belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Kaze, Francois Folefack, SDS of cas: 6338-55-2.

Prevalence and determinants of chronic kidney disease in urban adults’ populations of northern Cameroon

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem with growing prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. Aim Assess the prevalence and determinants of CKD in Garoua and Figuil cities of the North region of Cameroon. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to June 2018 in the two cities, using a multi-level cluster sampling. All adults with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (< 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation and/or albuminuria (>= 30 mg/g) were reviewed three months later. Logistic regression models (accounting for the sampling strategy) were used to investigate the predictors of the outcomes. Results A total of 433 participants were included, with a mean age (95%CI) of 45.0 (43.4-46.6) years, 212 (48.7%) men, 294 (67.9%) from Garoua and 218 (45.6%) with no formal education. Risk factors for chronic nephropathy were highly prevalent including longstanding use of street medications (52.8%), herbal medicines (50.2%) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (50%), alcohol consumption (34.4%), hypertension (33.9%), overweight/obesity (33.6%), hyperuricemia (16.8%), smoking (11.3%) and hyperglycemia (6.5%). The prevalence of CKD was 11.7% overall, 10.7% in Garoua and 13% in Figuil participants. Equivalents figures for CKD G3-5 and albuminuria were 2.8%, 2.0% and 4.5%; and 9.1%, 9.3% and 8.5%, respectively. History of diabetes, increase systolic blood pressure, hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia were predictors of CKD. Conclusion The prevalence of CKD is as high in these northern cities as previously reported in southern cities of Cameroon, driven mostly by known modifiable risk factors of chronic nephropathy.

Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data. If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 6338-55-2, in my other articles. SDS of cas: 6338-55-2.

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Synthetic Route of 16545-68-9, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 16545-68-9, Name is Cyclopropanol, SMILES is OC1CC1, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Razmimanesh, Fariba, introduce new discover of the category.

An investigation into Sunitinib malate nanoparticle production by US- RESOLV method: Effect of type of polymer on dissolution rate and particle size distribution

The present study practiced ultrasonic-assisted rapid expansion of a supercritical CO2 solution into a liquid solvent (US-RESOLV) process for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) of Sunitinib malate for the first time. Hydrophilic polymers including hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), chitosan (CHI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were utilized for modifying the size distribution and increasing the dissolution rate of the Sunitinib malate NPs. Also, we determined the impact of pressure, nozzle diameter as well as temperature on morphology, size distribution and dissolution rate of produced particles. In order to accomplish the objectives of the present study, PEG was the best polymer for controlling the particle size distribution and HPMC served as the best polymeric stabilizer for increasing the dissolution rate of the drug particles. The synthesized particles were much smaller (< 600 nm) in comparison to the unprocessed particles of Sunitinib malate. The combined effects of the smaller sizes of the particles, ultrasonication and the presence of polymers could enhance dissolution rate of the Sunitinib malate in the aqueous media. Synthetic Route of 16545-68-9, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about 16545-68-9 is helpful to your research.

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In an article, author is Kong, Qingyao, once mentioned the application of 124-76-5, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, Name is Isoborneol, molecular formula is C10H18O, molecular weight is 154.2493, MDL number is MFCD00074821, category is alcohols-buliding-blocks. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category.

Reducing alcohol and/or cocaine-induced reward and toxicity via an epidermal stem cell-based gene delivery platform

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the foremost public health problems. Alcohol is also frequently co-abused with cocaine. There is a huge unmet need for the treatment of AUD and/or cocaine co-abuse. We recently demonstrated that skin grafts generated from mouse epidermal stem cells that had been engineered by CRISPR-mediated genome editing could be transplanted onto mice as a gene delivery platform. Here, we show that expression of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) gene delivered by epidermal stem cells attenuated development and reinstatement of alcohol-induced drug-taking and seeking as well as voluntary oral alcohol consumption. GLP1 derived from the skin grafts decreased alcohol-induced increase in dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. In exploring the potential of this platform in reducing concurrent use of drugs, we developed a novel co-grafting procedure for both modified human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE)- and GLP1-expressing cells. Epidermal stem cell-derived hBChE and GLP1 reduced acquisition of drug-taking and toxicity induced by alcohol and cocaine co-administration. These results imply that cutaneous gene delivery through skin transplants may add a new option to treat drug abuse and co-abuse.

If you are interested in 124-76-5, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

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Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. , Name: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol, 105-13-5, Name is (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol, molecular formula is C8H10O2, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Kumar, Manish, introduce the new discover.

A chronicle of SARS-CoV-2: Seasonality, environmental fate, transport, inactivation, and antiviral drug resistance

In this review, we present the environmental perspectives of the viruses and antiviral drugs related to SARS-CoV-2. The present review paper discusses occurrence, fate, transport, susceptibility, and inactivation mechanisms of viruses in the environment as well as environmental occurrence and fate of antiviral drugs, and prospects (prevalence and occurrence) of antiviral drug resistance (both antiviral drug resistant viruses and antiviral resistance in the human). During winter, the number of viral disease cases and environmental occurrence of antiviral drug surge due to various biotic and abiotic factors such as transmission pathways, human behaviour, susceptibility, and immunity as well as cold climatic conditions. Adsorption and persistence critically determine the fate and transport of viruses in the environment. Inactivation and disinfection of virus include UV, alcohol, and other chemical-base methods but the susceptibility of virus against these methods varies. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are major reserviors of antiviral drugs and their metabolites and transformation products. Ecotoxicity of antiviral drug residues against aquatic organisms have been reported, however more threatening is the development of antiviral resistance, both in humans and in wild animal reservoirs. In particular, emergence of antiviral drug-resistant viruses via exposure of wild animals to high loads of antiviral residues during the current pandemic needs further evaluation.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 105-13-5. Name: (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol.

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A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 7541-49-3, Name is 3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol, molecular formula is C20H40O. In an article, author is Yang, Xingchuan,once mentioned of 7541-49-3, Formula: C20H40O.

Experimental and correlated liquid-liquid equilibrium data for water+1,6-hexanediol+1-pentanol/3-methyl-1-butanol/2-methyl-2-butanol at different temperatures

Liquid liquid equilibria (LLE) data for ternary systems of water + 1,6-hexanediol + 1-pentanol/ 3-methyl-1-butanol/ 2-methyl-2-butanol were measured at (293.15, 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15) K under 101.3 kappa Pa. Cloud-point method was applied to determine the solubility curves data. Distribution coefficient and separation factors for 1,6-hexanediol were calculated from the measured tie-line data to evaluate the extraction effect of alcohols on 1,6-hexanediol. The reliability of experimental LLE data were tested by Othmer-Tobias equation and Hand equation, NRTL and UNIQUAC models were applied to correlate the measured data and the calculated results show that both models can fit the experimental data very well. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd.

Interested yet? Keep reading other articles of 7541-49-3, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Formula: C20H40O.

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Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics, 2009-83-8, Name is 6-Chlorohexan-1-ol, SMILES is OCCCCCCCl, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Holstein, Sarah E., introduce the new discover, Name: 6-Chlorohexan-1-ol.

Caffeine increases alcohol self-administration, an effect that is independent of dopamine D-2 receptor function

The rising popularity of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmEDs) has become a significant public health concern, with AmED users reporting higher levels of alcohol intake than non-AmED users. One mechanism proposed to explain this heightened level of alcohol intake in AmED users is that the high levels of caffeine found in energy drinks may increase the positive reinforcing properties of alcohol, an effect that may be dependent on interactions between adenosine receptor signaling pathways and the dopamine D-2 receptor. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to confirm whether caffeine does increase the positive reinforcing effects of alcohol using both fixed ratio (FR) and progressive ratio (PR) designs, and to investigate a potential role of the dopamine D-2 receptor to caffeine-induced increases in alcohol self-administration. Male Long-Evans rats were trained to self-administer a sweetened alcohol solution (10% v/v alcohol + 2% w/v sucrose) on an FR2 schedule of reinforcement, and the effects of caffeine (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, i. p. [intraperitoneally1) on the maintenance of alcohol self-administration and alcohol break point were examined. Parallel experiments in rats trained to self-administer sucrose (0.8% w/v) were conducted to determine whether caffeine’s reinforcement-enhancing effects extended to a non-drug reinforcer. Caffeine pretreatment (5-10 mg/kg) significantly increased sweetened alcohol self-administration and motivation for a sweetened alcohol reinforcer. However, similar increases in self-administration of a non-drug reinforcer were not observed. Contrary to our hypothesis, the D-2 receptor antagonist eticlopride did not block a caffeine-induced increase in sweetened alcohol self-administration, nor did it alter caffeine-induced increases in motivation for a sweetened alcohol reinforcer. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that caffeine increases the positive reinforcing effects of alcohol, which may explain caffeine-induced increases in alcohol intake. However, the reinforcement-enhancing effects of caffeine appear to be independent of D-2 receptor function. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 2009-83-8 is helpful to your research. Name: 6-Chlorohexan-1-ol.

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Electric Literature of 6338-55-2, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 6338-55-2, Name is 2-(2-(2-Aminoethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol, SMILES is NCCOCCOCCO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Sekitoh, Takanari, introduce new discover of the category.

Crystallization characteristics of amorphous trehalose dried from alcohol

Trehalose forms a glass that can be used to preserve labile substances under desiccation. The crystallization characteristics, namely crystallization temperature (T-cry) and isothermal crystallization behavior of amorphous trehalose, dried from alcohol (methanol, ethanol), was analyzed and the results were compared with those for the amorphous trehalose freeze-dried from water. The use of alcohol as a solvent lowered the T-cry from 184 +/- 6 degrees C for the case of an aqueous solvent to 103 +/- 5 degrees C/methanol and 120 +/- 8 degrees C/ethanol. The formation of multiple forms of crystals and partial melting were suggested by the thermal analysis. Isothermal crystallization experiments showed that the alcohol-originated amorphous trehalose was eventually exclusively converted into beta-form crystals. The induction period (t(ind)) before the start of isothermal crystallization was markedly shortened when alcohol was used as the solvent compared to water. The t(ind) values for various amorphous sugar samples including the alcohol-originated ones could be correlated with difference between T-cry and the sample temperature.

Electric Literature of 6338-55-2, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about 6338-55-2 is helpful to your research.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemistry can be defined as the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. You’ll sometimes hear it called the central science because it is the connection between physics and all the other sciences, starting with biology. 108-82-7, Name is 2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-ol, molecular formula is , belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Sun, Yujing, Recommanded Product: 108-82-7.

Gelatinization, pasting, and rheological properties of pea starch in alcohol solution

In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of different low concentrations of alcohol solution (5%-20%) on the gelatinization and pasting properties of pea starch. A rapid visco analyzer revealed that when the starch concentration was fixed, the viscosity of the starch paste decreased with increasing alcohol concentration. In addition, the texture analyzer results showed that compared to the hydrogel formed in water, the hardness of the gel formed by 15% starch in 10% alcohol increased approximately 2-fold (1696.4 g versus 928.1 g). Furthermore, the rheological results showed that the tan delta value of the gel formed under this condition was second only to that of 20% starch in water, which indicated the gel had a strong network structure. X-ray diffraction analysis showed an increased relative crystallinity of 15% starch gels formed in 10% alcohol (13.2%) compared to the hydrogel formed in water (12.2%). Our study will expand the knowledge of the gelatinization properties of starch in low concentrations of alcohol.

Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data. If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 108-82-7, in my other articles. Recommanded Product: 108-82-7.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 5675-51-4, Name is 1,12-Dodecanediol, molecular formula is C12H26O2, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Kroehnke, Joanna, introduce the new discover, Application In Synthesis of 1,12-Dodecanediol.

Osmotic dehydration and convective drying of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) – The influence of ultrasound on process kinetics and product quality

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of ultrasound on two subsequent processes – initial osmotic dehydration and convective drying of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). The effect of ultrasound (at a frequency of 25 kHz) was assessed both in terms of process kinetics and product quality. During the study, three different osmotic agents were used – erythritol, sorbitol, and sucrose – in an aqueous solution at a concentration of 50% (w/w). The essential kinetic parameters were analyzed – water loss and increase of dry matter during osmotic dehydration, and evolution of moisture content and temperature of samples during convective drying (drying curves). Product quality was assessed on the basis of color, water activity, and content of relevant bioactive components – polyphenols and carotenoids. It was found that the application of ultrasound during osmotic dehydration resulted in higher water loss and solid gain. This surely results from the phenomena occurring during the propagation of the elastic waves in the liquid medium (mainly related to cavitation) and enhancement of the mass transfer. The use of ultrasound during convective drying also had a positive effect on the kinetics of this process. In most cases, during the ultrasonically assisted drying operations, a significant increase in drying rate was observed, leading to a reduction in drying time. This may be due to the intensification of both heat and mass transfer as a result of the mechanical and thermal effects of ultrasound. The assessment of product quality showed that the use of sugar alcohols was a good alternative to sucrose, and ultrasound-assisted convective drying increased the retention of valuable carotenoids and polyphenols. Moreover, in all dried kiwifruit slices, water activity was below 0.6, which can guarantee the microbiological stability of the tested samples.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 5675-51-4. Application In Synthesis of 1,12-Dodecanediol.

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Reference of 4740-78-7, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 4740-78-7, Name is 1,3-Dioxan-5-ol, SMILES is OC1COCOC1, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Kaze, Francois Folefack, introduce new discover of the category.

Prevalence and determinants of chronic kidney disease in urban adults’ populations of northern Cameroon

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem with growing prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. Aim Assess the prevalence and determinants of CKD in Garoua and Figuil cities of the North region of Cameroon. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to June 2018 in the two cities, using a multi-level cluster sampling. All adults with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (< 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation and/or albuminuria (>= 30 mg/g) were reviewed three months later. Logistic regression models (accounting for the sampling strategy) were used to investigate the predictors of the outcomes. Results A total of 433 participants were included, with a mean age (95%CI) of 45.0 (43.4-46.6) years, 212 (48.7%) men, 294 (67.9%) from Garoua and 218 (45.6%) with no formal education. Risk factors for chronic nephropathy were highly prevalent including longstanding use of street medications (52.8%), herbal medicines (50.2%) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (50%), alcohol consumption (34.4%), hypertension (33.9%), overweight/obesity (33.6%), hyperuricemia (16.8%), smoking (11.3%) and hyperglycemia (6.5%). The prevalence of CKD was 11.7% overall, 10.7% in Garoua and 13% in Figuil participants. Equivalents figures for CKD G3-5 and albuminuria were 2.8%, 2.0% and 4.5%; and 9.1%, 9.3% and 8.5%, respectively. History of diabetes, increase systolic blood pressure, hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia were predictors of CKD. Conclusion The prevalence of CKD is as high in these northern cities as previously reported in southern cities of Cameroon, driven mostly by known modifiable risk factors of chronic nephropathy.

Reference of 4740-78-7, Because enzymes can increase reaction rates by enormous factors and tend to be very specific, typically producing only a single product in quantitative yield, they are the focus of active research.you can also check out more blogs about 4740-78-7.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts