Month: March 2021

Chemistry is an experimental science, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 16545-68-9, Name is Cyclopropanol, molecular formula is , belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Tao, Chaonan, Application In Synthesis of Cyclopropanol.

Al-modified heteropolyacid facilitates alkyl levulinate production from cellulose and lignocellulosic biomass: Kinetics and mechanism studies

Efficient production of fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass is the main goal of biorefinery processes. Herein, the metal-modified heteropolyacids with tunable Lewis and Bronsted acid sites were designed as the monolithic multifunctional catalyst for valorizing cellulose and lignocellulosic biomass to alkyl levulinate, a versatile platform molecule. Among them, Al-exchanged two protons of H4SiW12O40 (Al2/3H2SiW12O40) was found to be uniquely effective. The kinetic behavior describing the conversion of cellulose to ethyl levulinate was investigated to monitor the process, and compared between parent H4SiW12O40 and Al2/3H2SiW12O40 to understand the mechanistic role of Al3+. The introduction of Al3+ substantially facilitated cellulose depolymerization and glucose-to-fructose isomerization, leading to a high rate and product selectivity. The estimated activation energies for cellulose degradation and glucopyraoside alcoholysis decreased by 50.6 kJ/mol and 40.9 kJ/mol, respectively. 50-72% yields of ethyl levulinate were accomplished from cellulosic biomasses such as pine wood, eucalyptus, bamboo, bagasse and Napier grass. Al2/3H2SiW12O40 allowed cellulose conversion in various linear alcohols producing high-yield alkyl levulinate, and could be reused multiple times with a good stability. This study opens a reliable and promising avenue for one-pot transformation of cellulose and raw lignocellulosic biomass to ester compounds.

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Chemistry is an experimental science, HPLC of Formula: C4H11NO, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 13325-10-5, Name is 4-Aminobutan-1-ol, molecular formula is C4H11NO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Bhatia, Shashi Kant.

Renewable biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass using fermentation and integration of systems with other energy generation technologies

Biohydrogen is a clean and renewable source of energy. It can be produced by using technologies such as thermo-chemical, electrolysis, photoelectrochemical and biological, etc. Among these technologies, the biological method (dark fermentation) is considered more sustainable and ecofriendly. Dark fermentation involves anaerobic microbes which degrade carbohydrate rich substrate and produce hydrogen. Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundantly available raw material and can be utilized as an economic and renewable substrate for biohydrogen production. Although there are many hurdles, continuous advancements in lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment technology, microbial fermentation (mixed substrate and co-culture fermentation), the involvement of molecular biology techniques, and understanding of various factors (pH, T, addition of nanomaterials) effect on biohydrogen productivity and yield render this technology efficient and capable to meet future energy demands. Further integration of biohydrogen production technology with other products such as bio-alcohol, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and methane have the potential to improve the efficiency and economics of the overall process. In this article, various methods used for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, technologies in trends to produce and improve biohydrogen production, a coproduction of other energy resources, and techno-economic analysis of biohydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass are reviewed. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data. If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 13325-10-5, in my other articles. HPLC of Formula: C4H11NO.

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Reference of 148043-73-6, Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. 148043-73-6, Name is 4,4,5,5,5-Pentafluoropentan-1-ol, SMILES is OCCCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Mun, Eun-Young, introduce new discover of the category.

Ecological Momentary Assessment of Alcohol Consumption and Its Concordance with Transdermal Alcohol Detection and Timeline Follow-Back Self-report Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness

Background Studies of alcohol use presume valid assessment measures. To evaluate this presumption, we examined the concordance of alcohol use as measured by ecological momentary assessment (EMA) self-reports, transdermal alcohol concentration readings via the Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitor (SCRAM), and retrospective self-reports via the Timeline Follow-Back (TLFB) among adults experiencing homelessness. Methods Forty-nine adults who reported alcohol misuse (mean age = 47, SD = 9; 57% Black; 82% men) were recruited from a homeless shelter. For 4 weeks, alcohol use was assessed: (i) 5 times or more per day by EMA, (ii) every 30 minutes by a SCRAM device worn on the ankle, and (iii) by TLFB for the past month at the end of the study period. There were 1,389 days of observations of alcohol use and alcohol use intensity for 49 participants. Results EMA and SCRAM alcohol use data agreed on 73% of days, with an interrater agreement Kappa = 0.46. A multilevel analysis of concordance of 3 measures for alcohol use yielded statistically significant correlations of 0.40 (day level) and 0.63 (person level) between EMA and SCRAM. Alcohol use was detected on 49, 38, and 33% of days by EMA, SCRAM, and TLFB, respectively. For alcohol use intensity, EMA and SCRAM resulted in statistically significant correlations of 0.46 (day level) and 0.78 (person level). The concordance of TLFB with either EMA or SCRAM was weak, especially at the day level. Conclusions This is the first study to examine concordance of alcohol use estimates using EMA, SCRAM, and TLFB methods in adults experiencing homelessness. EMA is a valid approach to quantifying alcohol use, especially given its relatively low cost, low participant burden, and ease of use. Furthermore, any stigma associated with wearing the SCRAM or reporting alcohol use in person may be attenuated by using EMA, which may be appealing for use in studies of stigmatized and underserved populations.

Reference of 148043-73-6, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 148043-73-6.

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Synthetic Route of 13826-35-2, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 13826-35-2, Name is (3-Phenoxyphenyl)methanol, SMILES is OCC1=CC(OC2=CC=CC=C2)=CC=C1, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Jimenez-Murcia, Susana, introduce new discover of the category.

Gambling disorder seeking treatment patients and tobacco use in relation to clinical profiles

Objectives: Tobacco smoking and gambling disorder (GD) often co-occur. However, few studies have assessed the extent to which cigarette smoking may serve to classify and/or better define GD behaviour profiles. Methods: Among a large sample of n = 3,652 consecutive treatment-seeking patients with GD (91% men). Smokers were compared to non-smokers across different sociodemographic, clinical, psychopathological and personality variables. The effect sizes for the means and the proportion differences between the groups were estimated. An evaluation of the smoking changes over the last 15 years was also performed. Results: From the total sample, 62.4% of gamblers reported tobacco use. A decreasing linear trend in tobacco use was observed within the studied period, women having a more irregular pattern. The use of tobacco was linked to the use of alcohol and other illegal drugs. Gamblers who smoke, as compared to those who don’t, presented lower education levels, lower social position indexes and active employment. They were younger, with an earlier age of onset, shorter duration of the gambling behavior, higher GD severity, more psychological symptoms, higher scores in novelty seeking and lower scores in reward dependence, self-directedness and self-transcendence. Conclusions: Gamblers seeking treatment who smoke display particular social, clinical, psychological, temperamental and character features different from non-smoking gamblers, suggesting that the presence or absence of comorbid smoking condition in GD should always be considered when developing an optimal treatment, as gamblers who smoke might need treatment strategies different from non-smoking gamblers.

Synthetic Route of 13826-35-2, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about 13826-35-2 is helpful to your research.

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Chemistry is an experimental science, SDS of cas: 2854-16-2, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 2854-16-2, Name is 1-Amino-2-methylpropan-2-ol, molecular formula is C4H11NO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Chen, Qifeng.

Preparation and Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Chitosan/Cerium Hydrogel with Significant Antibacterial Activity

Traditional wound dressings have some major deficiencies, including poor antibacterial ability, low exudate absorption rate and dry environment. These defects can be addressed by the prepared hydrogels in this study, which can provide a moist and cool environment for wound healing. Polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan/cerium (PVA-Cs/Ce) composite hydrogels are prepared by a freeze-thaw method and characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the effects of chitosan/cerium (Cs/Ce) complexes with different contents on properties, including mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, swelling ratio, and thermal stability are investigated. SEM images indicate that the composite hydrogels have a good three-dimensional pore structure. Compared with the pure PVA hydrogel, the composite hydrogels show better swelling properties and more suitable water vapor transmission rate (2504 g m(-2).day) by adding Cs/Ce complexes. And the elongation at break of the hydrogel with a ratio of 5:3 (PVA: Cs/Ce) is the highest value of 567%. In the bacteriostatic circle experiment, PVA-Cs/Ce composite hydrogels exhibit a pronounced inhibitory effect against two bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli). These results suggest that these composite hydrogels have great potential as wound dressings.

Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data. If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 2854-16-2, in my other articles. SDS of cas: 2854-16-2.

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Chemistry is the experimental and theoretical study of materials on their properties at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. 2009-83-8, Name is 6-Chlorohexan-1-ol, molecular formula is C6H13ClO. In an article, author is Kaze, Francois Folefack,once mentioned of 2009-83-8, Recommanded Product: 6-Chlorohexan-1-ol.

Prevalence and determinants of chronic kidney disease in urban adults’ populations of northern Cameroon

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem with growing prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. Aim Assess the prevalence and determinants of CKD in Garoua and Figuil cities of the North region of Cameroon. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to June 2018 in the two cities, using a multi-level cluster sampling. All adults with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (< 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation and/or albuminuria (>= 30 mg/g) were reviewed three months later. Logistic regression models (accounting for the sampling strategy) were used to investigate the predictors of the outcomes. Results A total of 433 participants were included, with a mean age (95%CI) of 45.0 (43.4-46.6) years, 212 (48.7%) men, 294 (67.9%) from Garoua and 218 (45.6%) with no formal education. Risk factors for chronic nephropathy were highly prevalent including longstanding use of street medications (52.8%), herbal medicines (50.2%) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (50%), alcohol consumption (34.4%), hypertension (33.9%), overweight/obesity (33.6%), hyperuricemia (16.8%), smoking (11.3%) and hyperglycemia (6.5%). The prevalence of CKD was 11.7% overall, 10.7% in Garoua and 13% in Figuil participants. Equivalents figures for CKD G3-5 and albuminuria were 2.8%, 2.0% and 4.5%; and 9.1%, 9.3% and 8.5%, respectively. History of diabetes, increase systolic blood pressure, hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia were predictors of CKD. Conclusion The prevalence of CKD is as high in these northern cities as previously reported in southern cities of Cameroon, driven mostly by known modifiable risk factors of chronic nephropathy.

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Electric Literature of 100442-33-9, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 100442-33-9, Name is 1-(3,3-Diphenyl-N-methylpropylamino)-2-methyl-2-propanol, SMILES is C1(=CC=CC=C1)C(CCN(C)CC(C)(O)C)C2=CC=CC=C2, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Liang, Shuwei, introduce new discover of the category.

Construction of graphene oxide membrane through non-covalent cross-linking by sulfonated cyclodextrin for ultra-permeable butanol dehydration

Two-dimensional (2D) lamellar graphene oxide (GO) membranes represent promising porous materials in alcohol dehydration. The separation performance can be manipulated by the physicochemical properties of interlayer channels. The relatively low flux and poor stability of GO-based membranes in aqueous environment are the major drawbacks. Herein, we intercalated a supramolecular compound, sulfobutyl-beta-cyclodextrin (SCD), into the interlayer pores/channels of GO membranes. The sulfonic acid groups on SCD molecules are able to cross-link adjacent GO nanosheets through non-covalent interactions. The GO-SCD membranes possess excellent water affinity due to the presence of high hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups. For the n-butanol dehydration, the GO-SCD/PTFE membranes with well-defined interlayer pores exhibited ultrahigh permeation flux of 12955 g m(-2) and separation factor of 1299 under 80 degrees C. The membranes remained stable in 144 h separation performance evaluation test and exhibited obviously enhanced thermal stability.

Electric Literature of 100442-33-9, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 100442-33-9.

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Reactions catalyzed within inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media, causing turnover rates to depend strongly on interfacial structure and composition, 5187-23-5, Name is (5-Ethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methanol, SMILES is CCC1(CO)COCOC1, in an article , author is da Silva, Amanda Heloisa Santana, once mentioned of 5187-23-5, Product Details of 5187-23-5.

Family environment and depressive episode are associated with relapse after first-episode psychosis

Accessible summary What is known on the subject? Relapse rates are high among patients who have experienced first-episode psychosis (FEP). Psychotic relapses are associated with worse quality of life and poorer functionality of the FEP patient. The use of psychoactive substances, non-adherence to drug treatment, and high expressed emotion (EE) are notable predictors of relapse after the FEP. Although some studies have suggested that psychotic relapse may be associated with a family environment with high levels of emotional over-involvement (EOI), this finding is still inconsistent across different cultures. EE specific components must be evaluated and interpreted according to the context of cultural norms. There is a scarcity of studies on the role of depression in the occurrence of relapses after the FEP, and the results remain uncertain. What the paper adds to existing knowledge? This study explored the predictors of psychotic relapses in Brazilian patients who experienced FEP. Our results indicate that 29.2% of the patients relapsed after the FEP. Patients diagnosed with depression and high-EOI in the family environment were predictors of psychotic relapses in this population. This study expands knowledge about the cultural specificity of EOI and the role of depression in psychotic relapse. What are the implications for practice? Nursing professionals must consider the implications of the family environment and depression in the course of psychosis. Family interventions and the appropriate treatment of depression are important for improving the prognosis of FEP patients. Introduction Psychotic relapse may be associated with relatives’ high emotional over-involvement (EOI) and with a diagnosis of major depressive episode (MDE) among first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, but the results are still inconsistent across different cultures. Aim Evaluate the predictors of relapse in FEP patients. Method Prospective cohort study with 6-month follow-up conducted with 65 dyads of patients and relatives from an early intervention unit in Brazil. At the baseline interview, relatives answered to a sociodemographic data form and to the Family Questionnaire. Patients provided sociodemographic and clinical data and answered the Measurement of Treatment Adherence; the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test; the Severity of Dependence Scale to assess cannabis dependence, and the MDE module of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Psychotic relapses were evaluated using items from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. The data were analysed using multiple logistic regression. Results 29.2% of the patients presented at least one psychotic relapse. High-EOI and MDE were predictors of psychotic relapses. Discussion Our findings expand the knowledge about the cultural specificity of EOI and the role of depression in psychotic relapse. Implications for practice Family nursing interventions and the appropriate treatment of MDE must be considered in the care of FEP patients.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 5187-23-5, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Product Details of 5187-23-5.

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Electric Literature of 156-87-6, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 156-87-6, Name is 3-Aminopropan-1-ol, SMILES is OCCCN, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Abdelmigeed, Mai O., introduce new discover of the category.

Magnetized ZIF-8 impregnated with sodium hydroxide as a heterogeneous catalyst for high-quality biodiesel production

A magnetized zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) impregnated with sodium hydroxide catalyst has been synthesized and tested as a new catalyst for biodiesel production. The new catalyst was investigated for the ethanolysis of vegetable oil to produce biodiesel. The operating conditions of the biodiesel production were optimized using the 2n design method followed by a reduced number of experimental runs. A 70% conversion of oil in the ethanolysis reaction was achieved using the new catalyst. The optimized operating conditions were found to be alcohol to oil molar ratio of 21:1, catalyst loading of 1% wt., a reaction time of 90 min, and temperature of 75 degrees C. Ethanolysis reaction was found to obey the pseudosecond-order kinetic model. In addition, the Arrhenius pre-exponential constant and activation energy were calculated to be 1.12 x 10(10) L mol(-1).min(1) and 77.27 kJ/mol, respectively. The physical properties of the product biodiesel matched the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) ranges. Additionally, the product biodiesel achieved a Cetane number of 75, which is 15% higher than the upper range of the ASTM. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Electric Literature of 156-87-6, The reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called a substrate. Enzyme inhibitors cause a decrease in the reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.I hope my blog about 156-87-6 is helpful to your research.

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Chemistry is the experimental and theoretical study of materials on their properties at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. 3391-86-4, Name is Oct-1-en-3-ol, molecular formula is C8H16O. In an article, author is Choi, Yun-Hee,once mentioned of 3391-86-4, Recommanded Product: 3391-86-4.

Joint Effect of Alcohol Drinking and Environmental Cadmium Exposure on Hypertension in Korean Adults: Analysis of Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008 to 2013

Background Hypertension is a common disease found in 1.13 billion adults worldwide. Several animal studies have provided evidence of the joint effect of alcohol drinking and cadmium exposure on hypertension. However, no epidemiologic study has examined the association between these 2 risk factors and hypertension. Therefore, we examined the individual effects of alcohol drinking and cadmium and the joint effect of their coexposure on hypertension in the general population. Methods We analyzed data from 8,403 South Korean adults who had been randomly assigned to the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2013. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the association of alcohol drinking and blood cadmium concentration with blood pressure and the odds ratio (OR) for hypertension. Results The weighted prevalence of hypertension and high-risk drinking was 25.7 and 13.6%, respectively. The weighted geometric mean of blood cadmium levels was 0.94 mu g/L (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93 to 0.96). After adjusting for demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, health-related behaviors, and dietary and disease variables, the OR for hypertension in the group with the high-risk alcohol drinking was 1.67 (95% CI: 1.34 to 2.06) compared with the group without high-risk alcohol drinking. When the highest and the lowest blood cadmium quartiles were compared, the OR for hypertension was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.86). The positive joint effect of high-risk drinking and blood cadmium levels was statistically significant for systolic blood pressure (SBP; p = 0.037) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results show that heavy alcohol drinking had a joint effect with cadmium exposure to increase the risk of hypertension. Future efforts are needed to reduce alcohol drinking and environmental cadmium exposure to prevent hypertension in the general population. Interested yet? Keep reading other articles of 3391-86-4, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Recommanded Product: 3391-86-4.

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